In today’s world, many processes and events depend on forecasting. With development of mathematical models, an increasing number of factors influencing the final result of the forecast are taken into account, which in turn leads to the use of neural networks. But for training a neural network, source data sets are required, which are often not always sufficient or may not exist at all. The article describes a method of obtaining information as close to reality as possible. The proposed approach is to generate input data using simulation models of an object. The solution of a problem of generation of data sets and of training of a neural network is shown at the example of a typical marshalling railway station, and of a simulation of operations of a shunting hump. The considered examples confirmed the validity of the proposed methodological approach to generation of source data for neural networks using simulation models of a real object, based on a digital mathematical model, which makes it possible to obtain a simulation model of movement of transport objects, which is reliable in forecasting transport processes and creating relevant control algorithms.

The transport network in the regions of the North of theRussian Federationbasically remains seasonal (waterways, winter roads). The duration of river shipping season, depending on the climatic conditions, is 110–160 days, and the time of operation of winter roads varies within 120–210 days. Under these conditions, the accuracy of predicting the beginning and end of shipping season for the northern rivers plays a very important role. The article proposes a method for forecasting the duration of ice phenomena in the areas of shipping routes based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. An estimate of probability of an accurate forecast is given, taking into account the conformity with Bayes theorem and related dependencies. Verification of the method on the basis of real data proved that the forecast accuracy and probability of its implementation were sufficient for timely and effective organisation of preparatory operations for next shipping season on northern navigable rivers.

The authors of the article simulate a mathematical solution of problems associated with optimal distribution and maintenance of discrete objects belongng, particularly, to transport environment. Options for location from one to ten objects, which are intended to be in space, on a straight line or on the plane, within the boundaries of a sphere of a certain radius, are considered. The results of the study can be applied for planning residential areas, optimal location of public transport stop points on roads and of transport rescue services. Following the suggested model, similar calculations can be used for any aspect of human life.

The research attempts to substantiate a new approach to understanding of coordination and subordination relations in the field of transport. Restructuring processes inRussiahave resulted in the expansion of the area regulated by private law. and in the change of the ratio of application of private and public law in favor of private law. The prevailing functional approach to peculiarities of emerging relations should ensure connection of administration of the transport sector with economic practices, which are now a prevailing object of legal regulations. At the moment, the prerequisites have been created for distinguishing three types of corresponding organizational models: state, economic (for all modes of transport) and corporate (for example, regarding railway and air transport).

The suggested model for determining the optimal trajectories of moving consignments that form cargo flows in transport and logistics systems (TLS) is based on a combination of dynamic systems and multi-criteria optimization methods. This approach develops a methodology for solving applied control problems in TLS. Its main result is the principle of finding the maximum, subject to the criterion preferences, based on methods for determining the set of effective plans (Pareto set). At the same time, management in TLS should form models of cargo traffic taking into account the location of transport and storage complexes within the boundaries of the system being studied or designed, as well as should provide for movement of consignments according to specified performance criteria and the most rational trajectories using analytical modeling. Analytics together with digital technologies help to consider the core sense of TLS as of a subsystem of intelligent transport systems.

The article considers the technological aspects of creating infrastructure facilities for organization of movement of unmanned vehicles on the roads. The features of operation of cars with an autonomous control system inRussiaand other regions of the world are analyzed. Basing on the study, the authors offer a fundamentally new approach for solving a problem of recognizing objects along the route of unmanned vehicles.The study suggests installation of stationary points that are interconnected in a single network and exchange data with the cloud storage. The effectiveness of existing and alternative systems is evaluated.

The study is devoted to construction of a mathematical model of a slab of a ballastless base of a railway track, assembled from separate segments fastened together. Each rectangular segment is modeled by a transversely isotropic prestressed plate. An equation has been obtained that allows researchers to study the natural oscillation frequencies of a rectangular plate, which is especially important from the point of view of choosing a final design of a ballastless track for high-speed main lines. An important issue solved is damping of supporting structures and separation of frequencies of natural and forced oscillations over different intervals of the frequency spectrum. To solve the set tasks, the decomposition method was used, its efectiveness and relative simplicity were proved.

Thematic patent search was performed that determined design directions for modular systems in transport and industry. The largest percentage of use is characteristic of: railway, agricultural, power engineering, space industry and shipbuilding. To a lesser extent, the modular design principle is involved in medium heavy and precision engineering. A new concept of application of modules of the main and auxiliary equipment on locomotives is considered, in which key attention is paid to the components of modules and unification of their components. It is necessary to change the philosophy of design and creation of modules, taking into account all possible risks and organizational hazards during modernization of production. The use of modular equipment layout in the engine compartment can significantly reduce operating costs and speed up the service operations during locomotive maintenance. A comparison of operations of current maintenance of Formula 1 cars and modular locomotives has been made.

The options for increasing the volume of passenger transportation by railway through development of a set of services with other modes of passenger transport based on multimodal transportation are considered as drivers of attraction of customers and of transport efficiency growth. Transport and logistics platform offering various kinds of transport and logistics services based on railway facilities is suggested as a tool for organizing multimodal routes. The suggestion is based on the analysis of commuter bus and rail flows inRussia, of profiling of customers of transportation services, of notions of platform and transport and logistics platform for passenger transportation, comprising its core elements, of the effects and risks of implementation of the concept. Particular attention is paid to possible contribution of the large-scale use of digital and IT-technology, global distribution systems, a set of criteria of assessment of satisfaction of a passenger with transport services is developed.

The leading role of the transport system in the development of northern regions ofRussiafrom the point of view of national strategic interests and basing in the analysis of the features of those regions, has been identified. The problem of insufficient development of methods for assessing the state of the transportation market in the absence of year-round availability of transport routes has been revealed. Therefore, the concept of polyfunctionality of the transport system of northern regions has been proposed, along with core definitions in its regard. It involves performance of four core functions (economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical one), as well as of four developing functions (informational, innovative, institutional, and integrative one). Public statistics data required for implementation of the concept, but now unavailable, are identified.

The study shows the possible stakeholders interested in the implementation of those functions at the macro-, meso-, and micro levels, suggests indicators for assessing the multifunctional system. The research conclusions are developed using brief overview of international practices and data and situation analysis regarding Russian northern regions, particularlyRepublicofSakha(Yakutia).

While considering globalization of the economy, especially its influence on domestic socio-economic policy, as well as the role of the transport complex in implementation of interstate economic relations, problems of assessing and comparing labour productivity are highlighted.Comparative analysis of international experience (EU,USandRussia) in the field of labour productivity evaluation for railways is conducted. The influence of modern trends associated with restructuring of railway industry, introduction of new equipment and technology, their impact on the changes in the structure of the company’s staff, is analyzed, particularly at the example of Russian Railways.It is concluded that the growth rates of labour productivity on the railways of Russia generally outpace the rates of its growth in other sectors of the economy. However, the need persists to continue the search for additional resources able to increase productivity and consistent with the impact of globalization on the economy, labour market and labour motivation.

To achieve success in the production sphere, any business entity must be able to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. Its financial and economic activities largely depend on speed of obtaining information, besides financial data, about factors influencing the results of both the daily work of the enterprise and achievement of long-term strategic goals. One of the effective methods of implementing the strategy in a form that is acceptable for a competitive environment is Balanced Score Card (BSC).

The article substantiates the need for its implementation in the practice of Russian repair shipyards, proposes a method for determining key performance indicators considering the customer focused business processes, targeted labour motivation and corporate psychology of personnel. The suggested model was adapted to the practices of an enterprise, model KPI were proposed and discussed.

The article considers the transport and logistics system (TLS) with routes passing through sea and river basins, which is designed to enhance the possibilities of transportation. With the help of such multimodal routes, the country will receive a transport network with much greater throughput, which will ensure sustainable growth rates of the regional economy. The authors solve the problem of developing methodological approaches to justifying the need for the fleet, adapted to the conditions of transportation of road trains on ferries of ro-ro type following the emergence of new sea transport routes. A model calculation of the need for a fleet for a cargo line of TLS using sea and river vessels is provided.

The article presents the results of approbation of the methodology for assessing the quality of public service by urban passenger transport of municipal routes, which are assigned to commercial enterprises under the new management model, regarding the city ofMoscow. The model provides for provision of services of regular transportation of passengers and baggage on the basis of public contracts with city administration. According to the results of a previously performed hierarchical cluster analysis, where the Euclidean distance with a single rule for cluster unification was used as a measure of proximity using the Ward method, ten routes were selected for assessment. Key parameters for assessment the quality of provided services comprised accessibility of stopping points, of social facilities, of transport facilities for people with disabilities, information facilities, price affordability, comfort, optimal passenger capacities of vehicle, and ecological friendliness. Conclusions have been drawn that the level of quality of transport services for passengers inMoscowis high.

The study is focused on improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport, its availability, quality of related services for residents of large agglomerations. Correlation of growth in speed of movement of passengers, distance of travel, range and quality of services provided by the carrier, as well as planning of passenger traffic and spatial urban development models are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the improvement of passenger transportation by rail transport by assigning stops for long-distance passenger trains (including fast, speed and highspeed trains) in suburban areas of large agglomerations, since that aspect has not been yet sufficiently studied.

It is concluded that it is necessary to continue research on transportation needs of the population of the agglomerations, to identify the features and patterns of changes in passenger traffic, emerging and redeeming in the suburban areas of the largest cities. This will allow transportation companies to better understand the transport services market, to develop and offer new transportation products to the population. That approach can increase the attractiveness of rail transport and its availability for the population of many cities thanks to a significant reduction in weighted average costs and travel time expenditures for passengers.

The article argues that the fundamental transformations of business processes, characteristic of the era of digital economy, have so far affected Russian motor transport industry to a small extent. Digital transformation assumes a cardinal revision of the role of information technologies in management of the transportation process, based on a deep and comprehensive analysis of data, a fundamental change in approaches to organization of road transport production.

To this end, it is proposed to consider the concept of enterprise architecture, covering various aspects of shaping different aspects of a transport and logistics company, as well as methods for modeling system solutions. The article analyzes transportation management system solutions, compares different approaches to the architecture of an enterprise, tools of its development like ER-charts, basic notations, life cycle, business motivation model. The suggested model semantically links real objects, ITand business processes, social aspects, and structure organisation of an enterprise.

The implementation of railway digitalization programs is associated with development of information management systems and telecommunications, with enhancement of integrated automation of management and control systems.

A new type of information system which is geographic information systems (GIS) is of interest as it is intended for decision-making in transport management and control systems. Besides, various

training simulators, that simulate movement of various objects and control procedures, have been widely implemented in civil aviation, on railways and in other modes of transport. The development of simulators is associated with development of visualization systems based on computer software.

Respective operations are based on spatially distributed geometric information. The article depicts basic approaches to core methods of its storage and transmission via information networks.

The article deals with the problems of development and application of international and national state standards for records management, suggests interpretation of the concepts of «standardization» and «standard», depicts the state system and the interstate standardization system.

The requirements that are set in the field of records management, procedures and rules of clerical work and maintenance of organizational and administrative documentation at state, municipal. corporate levels are presented. The article argues that some procedures within Russian transport companies should be updated.

Interrelationships within control and management mechanisms, including transport safety management, of the transport system are evaluated based on the function-oriented approach to its decomposition. Hierarchical system’s levels, strategic development objectives, societal, information, and environmental aspects are analyzed within safety context. Classification of threats to transport system and its subsystems (objects) is suggested. The authors place special emphasis on safety culture as on a social motivation pattern, designed to develop a proactive attitude to emerging threats and risks during transportation of passengers and cargo. They differentiate emotional, cognitive, and behavioural (conative) components of safety culture and suggest their brief description regarding transportation sector. The suggested framework of proactive culture makes it possible to model hierarchical systemic interconnection of its various components, providing for transport safety coupled with overall development of transport and transportation.

The analysis has been carried out and the laws of occurrence of emergency threats at pipeline transport facilities associated with the sequential damage of structural elements have been established. When an emergency situation develops, blocking of a separate system node is associated with simultaneous transition to a state of inoperability of all pipelines converging into the zone of that node. Such damage to the point element of the network structure prevents product flows from passing through that point. The ability of a system to withstand a progressive blocking depends on its composition, structure, and is characterized by an indicator of persistence, the value of which is calculated using a simulation method. An example of the use of cluster schemes in solving the problem of structural synthesis and the selection of the best protection option for a pipeline transport system has been considered.

The industrial safety system at JSC Russian Railways has been developing for decades. In the new economic conditions, many of its basic principles have been preserved, but new factors have emerged that require scientific analysis, experimental verification, and modern technological tools. In the course of the research, an assessment was made of labour safety situation at the energy sites of electrified lines of railways with particular regard to the use of a removable insulating tower for catenary repairs, assessment of high voltage hazards for employees, peculiarities of construction of fire protection compartments, fire risk calculations. It is concluded that the calculation of an individual fire risk cannot be used as a necessary and sufficiently autonomous basis for substantiating the size of fire compartments. The removable insulating tower carriage and shunt rod developed atRussianUniversityof Transport are presented. Many conclusions have general character and are of universal interest.

This study considers the problems that people with disabilities face while entering higher education institutions inRussia, during education, and the ways how to solve them. The life examples of real people are quoted. A comparative analysis of the situation in Russian and foreign colleges and universities is provided. The authors suggest long list of improvements and technical means that can facilitate training conditions for people with disabilities. The final conclusion is that by drawing attention to the difficulties that a disabled person faces every day, the society can improve the current situation, continue the emerging positive trends, and develop effective mechanisms for putting into practice the large range of guarantees already provided by the legislation.

The article discusses the problems that arise when engineering classes are organized in secondary schools with participation of universities, and ways to solve them. To strengthen the connection between the school and the university, it is necessary to use both methodological and technological capabilities. The analysis of topics close to the standard programs of higher engineering education, which have appeared recently in the school curriculum in mathematics, is carried out. Methods have been proposed for wider engagement of intellectual capacity of university staff by involving them in creation of teaching methods in schools and especially in the in-depth study of mathematics in engineering classes. The experience of a special mathematical seminar organized by university departments of mathematics for school teachers of engineering classes is considered.

The article considers the current state and prospects for development of the history of transport as an academic discipline, the study of which is an integral part of training of specialists for the industry. Based on its understanding as of an interdisciplinary scientific field and integrative training course, the authors propose approaches to solving theoretical and methodological problems, and also show its significant heuristic potential, which allows to give answers to current challenges met by the transport sector. Special attention is paid to the issues of defining the boundaries of the subject field of the history of transport, the organic combination of the general transport and specific aspects met by the content of this academic discipline, as well as to the particularities of the global, national and regional levels of the genesis and evolution of transport.

This invention is used daily by billions of earthlings. But the name of Boris Lvovich Rosing, a professor at St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, whose 150th birthday is celebrated this year, is not widely known. All modern TVs are still working on the principles invented by Rosing. In his diaries, his student, Vladimir Zvorykin, always pointed out that he had only implemented the idea of Rosing.

P. A. Tverskoy (Rail Business [Zheleznodorozhnoe delo]. – 1908. – No. 4. – pp. 31–33)

Based on:

https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2017/02/11/etot-den-vistorii-1809-god-fulton-zapatentovalpervyy-parohod,

https://scientificrussia.ru/events/v-1809-g-robert-fultonzapatentoval-parohod,

https://www.thoughtco.com/robert-fultonsteamboat-4075444,

http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ships/kennedy1.html

Platonov, O. I. Multimodal transportation of goods: the state of affairs today and the prospects for implementation. Kiev, 2018, 160 p

The reviewed monograph by O. I. Platonov «Multimodal transportation of goods: the state of affairs today and the prospects for implementation» explores the current state and prospects for further development of international transportation of goods using several modes of transport. The book presents the results of a comparative analysis of the provisions of many interstate, intergovernmental and industry agreements, international standards, regulations, strategies and other governing documents related to organization of multimodal transportation. The author paid special attention to ensuring economic security in multimodal supply chains for foreign trade goods. The appendix contains a brief glossary of key terms and definitions developed by the author

In the context of the monograph review, a discussion was initiated on the approaches to classification of international transport according to various criteria.

(extracts from the report of the Minister of Transport of Russia Evgeny Dietrich at the summarizing session of the Board of the Ministry of Transport of theRussian Federationon April 3, 2019)

Compiled from JSC Russian Railways news:
http://eng.rzd.ru/newse/public/en?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&refererLayerId=5074&id=107464 

Compiled from the JSC Russian Railways news:
http://eng.rzd.ru/newse/public/en?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&refererLayerId=5074&id=107462 

Compiled from JSC Russian Railways news:
http://eng.rzd.ru/newse/public/en?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&refererLayerId=4530&id=107474

Compiled from the information of Moscow Mayor and Moscow city
transport department Web-sites and http://www.mosgortrans.ru

Compiled from the Web-site of SeaNews – the Information Analysis Agence:
http://seanews.ru/en/2019/04/03/en-new-port-on-taimyr-peninsula

Compiled from the Web-site of the Mayor of Moscow:

https://www.mos.ru/en/news/item/52386073

Compiled from the Web-site of the Mayor of Moscow:

https://www.mos.ru/en/news/item/52305073

ICAO Web-site news:

https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/ICAO-Secretary-General-highlights-future-aviationchallenges-at‑2019-ACI-World-Assembly-.aspx 

Compiled from TASS and UITP news:

https://eurasia.uitp.org/metro-dogs-moscowmetro-passengers

Retrieved at the Web-site of the Mayor of Moscow:

https://www.mos.ru/en/news/item/53038073