An approach presented within the framework of the problem of formalisation and presentation of geoinformation structures in the GIS environment and based on the functional programming capacity is intended to simplify the techniques of dealing with characteristics of geodata attributes. The paper considers issues related to formation, comparison and transformation of geo-descriptions for updating geoinformation in the GIS environment. To implement the transformation of geo-descriptions, a simplification of formation of a tool for representing geoinformation and geo-text sets is proposed. The approach described in the paper is based on the choice of a functional programming paradigm implemented in the form of data analytics machine, which allows implementing transformations of geo-descriptions in various GIS languages and maintaining the geodata repository in an up-to-date state.

In a harmonious transport system, traffic flows are rationally distributed depending on the capacity of roads and streets to ensure transit capacity, considering the traffic light control systems. At the same time, due attention is not paid to changes in weather and natural conditions, which in turn significantly adjusts driving regimes, taking them out of a stable, predictable state. Modern software and hardware systems and information resources of large cities have a wide range of recorded indicators that affect distribution of traffic flows. Their automated processing using algorithmic machine learning tools has formed a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of change in the traffic intensity indicator, which is a new stage of improving road traffic safety, striving for zero mortality.

The scientific novelty of the study refers to the techniques and approaches to studying the weather and climate characteristics and factors of the street-and-road network, their preliminary processing using modern statistical and logical methods of normalisation and eliminating random outliers.

The deep learning method opens wide opportunities for analysing the intensity of the road traffic flow. By processing large amounts of data, such algorithms are able to identify complex patterns and relationships, which improves traffic forecasting and optimises traffic management. For correct operation of the neural network for training the model and studying the road traffic flow intensity, a set of software tools for preliminary data processing has been developed, which includes a step-by-step analysis of array structures with subsequent replacement of values or elimination of errors.

Preliminary data cleaning in accordance with the syntax of the program logic and the rules of statistical analysis is followed by application of a method for searching and eliminating anomalies was used, i.e. the isolation forest method.

This research direction was part of a large study on road traffic flow intensity, and the described results are a set of solutions based on the system interaction of software and methods of statistical and analytical transformations developed by the authors.

The study outlines the technology for increasing the bearing capacity of the subgrade foundation on high-temperature permafrost soils in the Arctic zone with the objective to develop technological regimes for strengthening the weak foundation of embankments, allowing for regulation of loads during construction of facilities on permafrost soils. The research methods included system analysis and the methods specific for organising construction in the permafrost zone. The described methodology consists of step-by-step modelling and calculation of parameters for geotechnical monitoring of the condition of the subgrade to determine the maximum permissible technological loads.

The tasks and functions of the system for regulating and monitoring technological operations are determined to specifically increase the strength characteristics of weak foundations during the construction period. The main factors influencing functioning of a new natural-technical complex during construction on permafrost have been established, namely changes in the temperature field, loads of construction machines and physical and mechanical characteristics of soils. The study highlights feasibility of organising comprehensive assessments and mutual control of soil deformability using geotechnical monitoring and automated process control systems for machines and construction equipment. The technological regime for deep strengthening of weak foundations of geotechnical objects should include regulation of the parameters of construction loads and quality control of processes during vibration compaction of the upper zone and construction of a pile field.The article outlines the features of the experimental application of the complex technology to ensure the design bearing capacity of soils during reconstruction and construction of sections of the Northern Latitudinal Railway and Obskaya – Bovanenkovo railway.

The paper substantiates the relevance of studying the process of plastic rutting on roads with asphalt concrete pavements. It is hypothesised that the existing approach to monitoring quality indicators at the stage of production of asphalt concrete mixtures, including the components included in its composition, namely, monitoring the required resistance to plastic rutting of the resulting asphalt concrete pavements, has a significant drawback. The indicated drawback is that assessment of the possibility of using a specific batch of binder for preparation of asphalt concrete mixture is currently carried out only based on incoming quality control of the binder, by comparing the actual values of physical and mechanical characteristics obtained in the laboratory with the minimum standard values stated for the grade of binder material adopted in the design documentation, without taking into account the actual values of the quality characteristics of the binder used at the stage of laboratory selection of the mixture composition. This drawback, in some cases, can lead to failure to ensure the resistance of the asphalt concrete mixture to plastic rutting at the stage of its production.

The study contains the results of testing the shear resistance of batches of binders of one performance grade and the resistance of asphalt concretes prepared using these binders to plastic rutting. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis put forward by the authors; the dependence of the «average rut depth» indicator on the shear resistance of the binder aged by the RTFOT method is obtained and statistically substantiated.

Motorways are a strategically important part of a country’s infrastructure. High requirements for their condition stipulate regular monitoring of quality of the road surface. The large length of motorways in Russia and the impact of weather and climate conditions (seasonal temperature fluctuations, precipitation) emphasise the relevance of searching for non-destructive testing methods for road diagnostics that ensure short terms of diagnostic work and the use of minimal resources.

The considered existing solutions for detecting road surface damage include the use of ground penetrating radar, laser method, method of analysing vibration effects of road surface irregularities, detection of damage based on lidar data and mobile mapping systems.

The objective of the study was to develop an algorithm for analysing the condition of the road surface that allows detecting road surface distresses based on images obtained during the diagnostics of motorways by the KP-514-RDT airfield and road measuring mobile laboratory completed by the IndorRoad and RDT-Line software packages.

The development of an algorithm for detecting road surface defects was carried out using machine learning methods. The detected defects have precise georeferencing according to stationing of the measured road segment. As a result of development, a trained model was obtained that allows automatic marking of defects of different classes on the image. The developed algorithm is integrated into the software for managing the monitoring of the condition of regional and municipal roads.

The study considers the issue of increasing traction properties of freight locomotives under the conditions of the Eastern Polygon, the eastern part of the Russian railway network. The analysis results have allowed identifying design factors influencing the adhesion properties of locomotive and suggesting an extended classification of methods for improving the adhesion properties by selecting rational design solutions for the undercarriage.

It is established that for unified three-axle bogies of domestic freight diesel locomotives, the factors leading to a decrease in the adhesion coefficient in operation include a significant base length, unbalanced spring suspension and insufficient rigidity of the body supports resting on the bogie with the upper location of the kingpin, while for bogies of electric locomotives with brushless traction electric motors they include a rigid connection of the engine rotor with the wheelset, leading to the occurrence of high dynamic torques. It is proposed to use balanced pneumatic spring suspension and increase the rigidity of rubber-metal supports as measures for modernisation of diesel locomotive bogies, and for the prospective unified undercarriage of diesel and electric locomotives – to refuse from placing the fuel tank under the body and to use two-axle bogies with a frame-support traction drive with an axial gearbox, or with an axle-support drive of the aggregate type, having an elastic coupling, damping dynamic loads. The obtained results give grounds to believe that these measures will increase the coefficient of adhesion during operation from 0,27 to 0,3… 0,33.

The article considers the efficiency of providing priority conditions for urban passenger transport by allocating separate lanes for public transport on the roadway. The results of modelling the traffic flow on the considered segments of the city street network are complemented by a conclusion about the need to improve road traffic management on these segments, considering the intensity and composition of the traffic flow.

Simulation allows creating mathematical or computer models for analysing and assessing the traffic conditions of urban passenger transport. The models are based on various parameters of traffic flows, the schedule of urban passenger transport, the location of public transport stops, etc. Modelling allows conduct of different experiments to assess the effectiveness of various measures and changes in the transport system.

The objective of the study is to develop a methodology for analysing traffic conditions that will identify and assign priority to urban passenger transport traffic to achieve efficiency and comfort of its operation, improve transport accessibility and reduce traffic delays.

Optimisation of the traffic provides for various management scenarios to find optimal solutions that reduce delays, congestion, traffic intensity, etc.

Route planning is necessary for developing an optimal strategy for efficient passenger service. Demand forecasts make it possible to predict not only passenger traffic, but also the need for transportation in different periods, which is necessary for route planning and selection of optimal rolling stock features. All these areas of modelling the urban passenger transport traffic are developed to achieve the goals of increasing efficiency, reducing the risk of road traffic accidents, improving the quality of transport services and the safety of passenger transportation, which should create a sustainable system aimed at satisfying the basic needs of urban transport passengers.

The objective of the study is to analyse capacity of a road which depends on many factors. The formula underlying the regulatory methodology for determining capacity relates the actual capacity to the maximum capacity through the final capacity reduction coefficient, consisting of the product of seventeen partial coefficients.

According to this methodology, it is recommended to use no more than six partial coefficients in calculations while defining a set of these partial coefficients for each specific case. And this is where the problem of choosing the most significant partial coefficients arises.

One of the central streets of the city of Vladimir, Gorky Street, was chosen as the object of study.

The objective was achieved with the observation method and experimental studies of intensity of vehicle traffic on the considered street.

Several cross-sections were selected along the length of the street for measuring traffic intensity and composition of traffic flow during rush hour. The parameter being determined is the final coefficient of reduction in road capacity. It was calculated for each lane in the cross-section area. Then, its values were averaged over even and odd sides of the street, as well as along the length of the entire street.

This work uses, as an example, due to the small number of cross-sections, geometric interpolation with a Lagrange polynomial. Next, the maximum interpolation error was determined, and graphs were drawn of the dependences of the experimental and interpolated curves of the final coefficient of reduction in road capacity for even and odd sides of the street, as well as along the length of the entire street. For practical purposes, it is necessary to choose an interpolation method that will provide the minimum error. Thus, having a mathematically described curve, it is possible to determine the value of the final capacity reduction coefficient for any cross-section of the street.

The work has resulted in development of a methodology for experimental determination of road capacity, which allows one to determine the final capacity reduction coefficient for a specific, already existing road.

The context of ongoing changes in the directions of cargo flows passing through the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as a rethinking of the basic principles of world trade regulation generates an additional interest in the study of the impact of these processes on the dynamics of implementation of projects for development of the International North-South Transport Corridor.

The paper refers to the analysis of the main reasons and trends in changing the principles of international economic relations highlighting the development prospects and growing demand for the North-South ITC, the importance of creating effective mechanisms for advanced attraction of investment resources to provide new projects for development of the corridor with sources of financing. Approaches are proposed for appropriate adaptation of the process of preparing investment projects aimed at developing the infrastructure of the North-South ITC. The study notes the importance of conducting further research aimed at increasing the economic efficiency of design, construction and operation of this corridor.

The article deals with the priorities of the Russian Federation’s Transport Strategy in the context of forming the «Greater Eurasian Partnership». The key area is development of international transport corridors in Eurasia.

The authors, summarising in a brief review documents, their own publications and the works of other authors on this topic, emphasise the process of systematic advancement of issues of Eurasian transport connectivity to the agenda of international organisations, and the contribution of the Russian Federation to this process.

Growth of railway container transportation volumes in the Russian Federation obliges to pay attention to ensuring the safety of cargo transportation. In this regard, it is advisable to outline organisational and technological aspects of transport of especially valuable cargo in rail containers.

The analysis of current regulatory and technical documents, domestic and foreign experience, allowed identifying the most effective areas of ensuring safety of transported goods, which are based on making changes to the design of the automatic coupling device of the rolling stock.

The paper substantiates the need to use indicators of careful handling, impact, tilt of cargo, vibrations, and temperature as well as the need to revise the insurance system for transportation of goods by rail.

This article describes a review and analytical study of the issue of ensuring safety of transportation of especially valuable cargo by rail, through the use of basic (making changes to the design of the rolling stock) and related (use of indicators (sensors) and improving the cargo insurance system) technical and organisational measures.

The objective of the study is to determine the degree of dependence between the regional transport and logistics system and the main regional economic indicators and their impact on resource-saving and the level of economic sustainability.

The research methods are based on the use of a comparative analysis of approaches used to determine the characteristics of transport and logistics systems, retrospective, correlation and regression, morphological, abstract logical, theoretical and empirical, and structural analysis.

The study has resulted in the analysis of approaches to defining and assessing transport and logistics system from the position of the spatial location of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities in the context of their impact on spatial organisation of productive forces; a retrospective, comparative and correlation and regression analysis of indicators characterising the regional transport and logistics system, economic indicators of GRP and retail turnover; evaluation of the analytical dependence of the region’s economic indicators on the state of the regional transport and logistics system; rationale of the dependence of the level of economic sustainability and resource-saving on the development of the transport and logistics infrastructure.

The results of the study may be used to determine the level of influence of the transport and logistics system on regional economic indicators of various industries, which are indicators of their economic sustainability within the framework of the adopted regional strategy for planning the spatial distribution of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities.

The large number of victims of road traffic accidents around the world creates a serious problem for the economy, demography, and health care. The value of global social risk calculated according via relevant method, is within 18, in Russia it is of 9,7. Statistical data shows that government activities in the Russian Federation to improve road traffic safety are effective. Over the past ten years, the core values of road traffic accident rate have been decreasing, despite the increasing level of motorisation. Federal regulations stipulate a further decrease of target social risk index by 2030 to the value of 4.

Excessive speed and inconformity of the speed with specific traffic conditions are the most common cause of road traffic accidents (19 % of the total). The ideas of many urbanists (that often are not backed up by specialised research in the field of road traffic safety) to forcibly make abandon cars and reduce speed in cities cannot be implemented to full extent, although they have local positive results.

The likelihood of occurrence of a road traffic accident is significantly influenced by the individual characteristics of drivers, such as age, gender, and general risk propensity. One of the factors causing road traffic accidents, especially by young drivers, is the presence of peers. They can be the cause of dangerous driving, inattention, and the driver’s desire to «show off.» Older drivers, on the contrary, become more attentive and careful in the presence of passengers. However, in the scientific literature contains also opposite results (passengers can have a positive effect on young drivers, but a negative effect on older ones).

In this regard and in the context of developing recommendations on reduction of road traffic accident rate, it is relevant to study feasibility to set some restrictions for younger drivers. The objective of the work is to evaluate the influence of a passenger of the same age on driving speed for a young driver and to compare it with the influence of a passenger on an older driver. The research method was an experiment in which young drivers aged 18 to 25 years and more experienced drivers over 35 years old drove along a set route with and without a passenger, while the speed of a car was recorded. An increase in speed was revealed when most young drivers were driving with a peer passenger. Considering that most young people overestimate their ability to drive a car, violation of the speed limit under the influence of a passenger can affect the occurrence of a road traffic accident. Based on the results of the work, it is proposed to introduce a system of phased access to driving, introduce a ban on transportation of passengers until the drivers reach a certain age or gain relevant experience, and improve drivers’ training programs.

The article considers the current problems of transformation of the labour and employment environment in the sector of air transport in Russia in connection with the aspects of sustainable development of this industry. The use of this approach to analyse the current state and forecast development prospects is based on the trends of increasing importance of intangible assets of air transport companies.

Air transport, influencing the mobility of the population, the volume of rapid cargo transportation, has a feedback effect both for the entire country’s economy and for the sphere of employment, which must be considered when determining development strategies for this sector. The objective of the study is to identify new challenges and substantiate methodological approaches to revealing quality trends in employment prospects in the sector of air transport.

The employment model acts in the case not only as a marker of the success of economic transformation, but also as a necessary factor in sustainable development and efficiency of the aviation industry. The study has revealed ambiguous trends in transformation of the employment model at air transport enterprises under the influence of both long-term and market factors in development of air transportation, digitalisation, national features of its functioning, the consequences of the «corona crisis» and modern challenges for the Russian economy. It has been determined that under the influence of these processes, there is a reduction in employment in the economic activity of air transport with a simultaneous qualitative change in the structure of jobs, an increasing need for digital skills of employees of all skill levels, and differentiation of wages. It has been shown that digitalisation in the aviation industry can have an ambivalent effect on the demand for labour in the professional and qualification context. The study applied statistical and analytical methods, methods of content analysis, analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the examined problem. The sources of information include data from Federal State Statistics Service, large recruitment agencies and Internet job search web-portals as well as data on the labour market of air transport employees. Based on the results of the study, promising vectors for the transformation of the labour environment and new employment management strategies were identified considering changes in labour demand in response to new challenges in the development of the aviation industry to ensure its sustainable development.

Transportation abbreviations. Russian and English meanings: a dictionary-reference book. Comp. by В.V. Kosmin, A.A. Kosmina, O.A. Kosmina; ed. by V.V. Kosmin. Moscow; Vologda, Infra-Engineering publ., 2024, 246 p. ISBN 978-5-97292015-0.

The review article reveals the necessity of knowledge, understanding and application of abbreviations by specialists of the transport sector, their use of special sources of information to improve the professional competence on the example of a special dictionary book of Russian and English transport abbreviations under the general editorship of V.V. Kosmin. The dictionary-reference book offers the up-to-day transport terminology in the form of abbreviations and their explications in Russian and English. The concepts and notions used by specialists of the transport sector and related industries are clarified and standardised. The publication contains Incoterms 2020 updated and conform to the latest changes and agreements in the field of international logistics.