Optimisation of architecture and construction projects of power supp.ly systems can be achieved with the help of BIM technology, which allows creating a single information model of interrelated processes. It permits to automatically prevent many design mistakes, and BIM makes analysis of project decisions made easier and more visual, significantly improving quality of design, and working documentation.

BIM technology is a modern app.roach to design-build-operate cycle. We can say that BIM is organised information about an object, used both at the design and construction stage, and during its operation and dismantling.

A single information space, that is a database containing all information about the technical, operational, energy and other features of the facility constitutes an important component of this technology. Due to an accurate and detailed development of the model, this technology makes it possible to carry out various calculations and analyses. A computer model of a new object created during the design process contains all the information about it. With BIM design, a designer at any level has the opp.ortunity and direct need to think about an object as about a holistic model, in real time, and in conformity with its economic component.

Competent use of software products for development of BIM models, as well as of the visual programming environment and of the subsequent execution of working documentation, significantly reduces design time and the number of errors. Thus, the costs and time for correcting errors are minimised.

The above features of BIM technology allow full use of its advantages when adopting digital modelling in construction of railway power facilities. This process also offers an opp.ortunity to directly relate development of engineering design solutions and electrical engineering calculations within simulation modelling.

The objective of the study was to analyse of practical adaptability and features of adoption of this technology while designing catenary. Generalised expertise served to demonstrate key points in implementing relevant information environment, features of development of digital twins of objects of power supp.ly infrastructure and of their operation.

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop and consistently implement effective methods of the monitoring of the current technical condition of power transformer substations within the railway system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological approach in this research is based on combination of methods of system analysis of currently existing approaches to monitoring the current technical condition of power transformers using acoustic diagnostic methods with an analytical study of the fundamental possibilities of carrying out these operations within the railway system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

During the experimental part of the study, acoustic sensors of partial discharges showed high efficiency in detecting partial discharges on the surface of the insulating layer of equipment of power transformer substations. This equipment, when using the acoustic emission testing method, demonstrated high performance. Good results were also shown by the acoustic control method, since the promptitude of control and the possibility of taking readings without interrupting power voltage supply make it possible to reduce time of the experiment while obtaining high-precision results, to determine the causes of faults on the surface of the insulating layer of power transformers and to localise areas of occurrence of such defect most accurately.

Several proposals have been made on the role that the acoustic control method could play in the overall system for organising the inspection of the technical condition, operation, and repair of the electrical power equipment.

The results obtained indicate availability of various options for using acoustic emission testing methods and also confirm the need for their further improvement to achieve high quality of control of technical condition and functioning of railway power transformer substations.

The paper reveals aspects of application of the hardware and software package developed by the author for express diagnostics of internal combustion engines.

The objective of the research was to develop algorithms, hardware and software framework for system diagnostics of diesel engines as a comprehensive methodology aimed at localising faults in the best way.

Research methods included mathematical modelling for building the algorithm of the expert system; methods of observation and experiment used in the design work and improvement of the developed hardware and software package.

The use of on-line diagnostics methods is the main factor for the transition to a more efficient condition-based maintenance system, which makes it possible to prevent sudden failures due to diagnostics made during the simplest types of maintenance, as well as to avoid dismantling of nodes with a resource sufficient for further operation. On-line diagnostic methods are divided into organoleptic and indicator ones and belong to the first two levels of system diagnostics as a practical methodology and scientific discipline.

Organoleptic data are based on human perception organs and can be formalised using the Exsys expert system developed by the author based on open databases on correlation of faults with their symptoms, which makes it possible to localise the fault in an interactive mode based on the totality of observed external features, such as smoky exhaust of a certain colour, unstable idling, etc.

The second development, which is the IMDC-2 package, refers to indicator methods, representing a subclass of dynamic diagnostics. The package consists of an analog-to-digital converter with a shaft speed sensor mounted on the engine and a computer program that interprets the received data. IMDC-2 allows determining the engine power, building acceleration / coasting retardation curves, and obtaining several other characteristics important for diagnostics, for example, the dependence of the angular acceleration of free acceleration of the engine on the frequency of rotation of its shaft. Both developments can be fully applied after minor modification to diesel locomotive engines, which will increase the accuracy of fault detection and reduce the time for their localisation.

Until now, to suppress the image channel, radio receivers use a frequency preselector consisting of oscillatory circuits of the input device and a radio frequency amplifier. But the frequency preselector does not suppress strongly enough the image frequency. Therefore, two frequency conversions are often used in railway radio communication systems. For example, for station radio communications at frequencies f = 151‒156 MHz, two frequency converters with fpr1 = 24 MHz and fpr2 =1,596 MHz are used, which greatly complicates the design of the receiver.

The article proposes to use a phase preselector, which is the second parallel quadrature frequency converter, the signal of which, after passing additional elements, is summed with the signal of the first frequency converter with high suppression of the image frequency. With this method of organising communication, the bandpass phase shifter will be a problematic block in the phase preselector, since it must have a small error Δφ.

A bandpass phase shifter made on RC circuits with a minimum phase shift error Δφ = 0,1˚ within a frequency band of 25 kHz is described. In case of increasing the frequency band, the phase shift error remains minimal, but it is necessary to use limiting amplifiers to equalise the amplitudes of the signals at its output. The use of a phase preselector instead of a frequency preselector will help to reduce the intermediate frequency, which will lead to high selectivity, both in the adjacent and image channels with single-sideband modulation, and will also simplify and reduce the cost of the signal receiver.

Currently, the population is increasingly concentrated in large cities and metropolitan areas, urban outskirts are being actively built up. According to sociologists, more than 80 % of the population will live in cities by 2025. Megacities are characterised by social tension associated with the transport and environmental situation, which is aggravated due to population growth, an increase in its density and an increase in the number of cars per capita.

The «city–transport» system has feedback features. When the city will exhaust the capacity of the created transport system regarding rapid and convenient movement of passengers, it will be necessary to change the characteristics of urban transport vehicles up to creation of fundamentally new ones based on modern energy sources.

Transport is a service industry and must meet the requirements of those who use it. For urban passenger transportation, the core thing is the quality of service.

At all times, people had a desire to move around, using a variety of animals for this depending on the region of residence. Wealthy people had special carts, carriages, and animals in their property. Ordinary people travelled on foot, but with the growth of settlements and cities, they began to experience great difficulties in moving over long distances. The idea of creating public transport, i.e., available for use by any inhabitant for a moderate fee was formulated by the famous natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, writer Blaise Pascal in 1661.

This idea saw serious development later due to the intensive growth of cities and due to developments of scientists in the field of exact sciences.

This review article has used research method which is the analysis of the history of emergence and development of each mode of transport in world and domestic practices, that has made it possible to trace evolution of urban transport up to the present day. The objective of this article is to present further evolution of the city’s transport service, which requires an innovative approach to creation of new modes of transport.

The author’s research has been reflected in the relevant articles, as well as in the chapters on «Urban transport» of several textbooks.

The article discusses an innovative approach to modernisation of existing urban vehicles and creation of new ones that will ensure environmental friendliness, accident-free operation, reduce the occupancy of the city, create comfortable conditions for transportation of passengers, etc. This provides for the widespread use of digital technologies, as well as of non-traditional transport systems.

The prospective introduction of fundamentally new vehicles is considered and analysed using the examples of the experience of cities and megacities in Russia and abroad.

The increase in the transit and carrying capacity of cargo intensive sections and directions of railways is achieved by introducing into circulation of cargo trains of increased weight and length, which in turn leads to a change in longitudinal dynamics of movement and emergence of additional loads on rolling stock and the railway track.

In this regard in relation to Russian conditions, to ensure the required volumes of transportation with a preset level of safety, it is necessary to revise the current standards designed for maximum longitudinal compression forces of 50 tf, which are currently more than doubled in heavy trains.

Based on the analysis of existing regulatory documents, domestic and foreign experience, it was possible to substantiate the necessity to improve the longitudinal dynamics of trains and to propose some ways to achieve it. are proposed. The simulation of collision of a free running platform wagon with standard draft gears of Sh-1-TM type with a gondola cars’ cut also equipped with standard draft gears of Sh-1-TM type was carried out to identify accident modes. The study has allowed to conclude on the expediency of increasing the energy intensity of draft gear through new design solutions, as well as on reducing longitudinal forces through adoption of floating centre beams.

The transport policy of the state is an integral part of its economic and spatial policy. The relevance of the clarification of the content of the term «transport policy» is conditioned by the attention of the state to the issues of strategic planning in the field of transport. In Russia, it was clearly evidenced by the approval in 2021 by the Government of the Russian Federation of the updated Transport Strategy of the country until 2030 with a forecast for the period until 2035.

The article reviews the definitions of transport policy in the scientific literature: its economic, environmental, technical, geopolitical and other aspects are considered. At the same time, the main emphasis of the study was on the economic factors of transport policy: the materials of economic theories (spatial development and distribution of productive forces), decision theories and methods for assessing the effectiveness of investments in transport infrastructure were considered. The definitions and the range of their application are specified. Also, the components of the transport policy have been established and a range of tools of its implementation has been defined, incl. financial, regulatory, etc. Based on the data obtained, a structure of the relationship between transport policy and economic growth was compiled, social and other components to economic aspects were identified.

Process management raises the level of technological development of the transport system, serves as the basis for digitalisation of passenger and cargo transportation, reduces costs, improves reliability, safety of infrastructure and vehicles, as well as environmental friendliness of the transport.

Digital technology provides an opportunity to restructure production systems of all sectors of the economy to improve interaction with customers, employees, and ecosystem partners, as well as to reduce costs.

To build a new operating model, it is necessary to identify losses in existing processes and seize the opportunities offered by digital transformation.

The article discusses the main methodological gaps in the transformation of the process architecture of companies, considering the features of large holding-type structures. The objective of the study is to determine the directions of transformation of the process architecture of transport companies.

The article proposes to evaluate the level of digital maturity of processes based on the deviation from target values of two of its indicators: the level of automation and the level of digital trust.

The need to systematise the methodological aspects of the transition to a process type of management in transport companies through business process reengineering determines the relevance of adapting applied tools and methods of its application.

The article generalises the results of the authors’ research, both published and prepared for publication, referring to discussion on the current situation in terms of development of artificial intelligence perception and apprehension, and analyses a possibility of application of currently existing AI in design of transport infrastructure facilities and engineering education.

General methodology and algorithm of application of artificial intelligence intended for design of transport infrastructure facilities are described considering synthesis of structures with pre-set behavioural parameters.

Introduction of AI-related competences and skills into educational process intended for training future transport employees is shown in relationship with engineering tasks solved by the users followed by examples of problems solved by the students with the help of artificial intelligence technology.

The possibilities of an interdisciplinary approach to training are shown to demonstrate how the students are taught to apprehend the need for a comprehensive consideration of design problems.

Experimental learning has shown the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of AI by students when solving educational and practical problems.

Presence of a developed transport and logistics system that provides year-round cargo and passenger transportation constitutes a necessary condition for intensive socio-economic development of any region.

The only type of continuum transport capable of providing year-round transportation in natural and climatic conditions of the cryolithic zone, an integral part of which is the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is road transport.

This is due to its compactness, mobility, ease of control and maintenance, as well as to a relatively low price, both for a single vehicle and for transportation services, which in turn predetermines its use for regional and intracity transportation within the permafrost zone.

The only condition for effective use of road transport is provision of territories with year-round operated public roads, while their design and structure should correspond to the predicted load from vehicles and intensity of the traffic flow.

The Government of the Russian Federation adopted the decision to build an automobile bridge across the Lena River near Yakutsk, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 2024.

Accordingly, the problem of assessing the state of the city’s road network in terms of the possibility to process future traffic flows and road traffic organisation considering the design features of city roads, becomes relevant.

Calculations of basic parameters of promising cargo and passenger flows were carried out with a new author’s methodology.

An extended model served a basis for predictive assessment of the growth in relative intensity of transport flows and loads on the roads of Yakutsk after commissioning of the bridge across the Lena River. A variety of transport and logistics schemes for organising road traffic were considered. The condition and design features of the roads on the selected routes were assessed, and their transit capacity and maximum loads from transport flows that their structure could withstand were calculated.

It has been established that the road infrastructure of Tuymaada valley is not able to ensure the transit of promising cargo flows that will arrive to the left bank of the Lena River across the bridge.

It has been proved that the only possible solution to the vast majority of the emerging problems related to cargo traffic is construction of a federal ring road, which runs mainly outside the valley of the Lena River.

Long-term regulatory and technological documents related to train formation are often so far from the changing actual operational situation that more trains are being formed than can be provided with locomotives and sent from the station in a timely manner, sections are oversaturated with trains, stations operate with an excess of car fleet, etc. Such unpredictable situations result in unproductive delays of trains, increase the goods delivery time, reduce the use of transit, transportation, and processing capacity of railways. At the same time, reducing the time of validity of regulatory and technological documents can significantly increase the efficiency of operational management of the transportation process. The purpose of the article is to show how the operational management of train formation instead of the passive uncontrolled process of accumulation of trains at marshalling yards expands the possibilities of the train formation plan, eliminates uncertainty and creates optimal conditions for train, marshalling and freight operations.

Changes in management of train formation, which are put forward on the basis of generalisation of a number of results of earlier author’s studies and publications and newly formulated proposals for discussion, will make it possible to manage the transportation process in a fundamentally new way: to form such a number of trains that will be provided in a timely manner with locomotives and «threads» of the train schedule; send such a number of trains from the train assembling stations that will not lead to oversaturation of sections with trains; to ensure the arrival of such a number of trains at marshalling yards that will allow them to work in the optimal mode; to ensure the parity of arrivals of even and odd trains at locomotive change stations; to help in a timely manner with the selection of wagons cars in case of difficulties in the work of freight stations, etc. [1].

The second part of the article (the first of which was published in the last issue of the journal) analyses the history of emergence of the rail track, as well as evolution of the railway-track substructure, including a review of the materials used for this.

A separate section is devoted to evolution of railways in Russia.

Brief conclusions are made regarding the importance of the historical and economic aspects of development of inland transport infrastructure.

The importance of considering this issue is quite high when conducting comprehensive research intended to get economic assessment and forecast the strategic development of transport infrastructure.

2022 marks the 165th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian scientist Ivan Alekseevich Kablukov. The main field of scientific interests and discoveries of Academician Kablukov relates to electrochemistry of non-aqueous solutions. I. A. Kablukov is also known as a teacher and populariser of science, the founder of the school of physical chemists in Russia, as the author of a number of works on the history of chemistry.

In 1896, at the Moscow Imperial Engineering School of the Department of Railways (now Russian University of Transport), Kablukov founded the Department of Chemistry, which he led for a long time. In total, Kablukov’s scientific heritage includes more than three hundred works.

Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1928), Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932), Honorary Member of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography (since 1921), Member of Russian Physico-Chemical Society, Society for Acclimatisation of Animals and Plants (since 1898), All-Union Chemical Society n.a. D. I. Mendeleev (in 1934 he was elected vice-president of Moscow branch of AUCS) and many other scientific societies. Honoured Professor of Moscow University (since 1910).

1. A. Kablukov owns fundamental work on the theory of solutions, thermochemistry, and processing of mineral raw materials into fertilisers. He was an outstanding teacher.

In 1910 the experienced railway manager Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky presented in the VIII Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society his book «Railway Confusion» dedicated to the comprehensive solution of a wide range of pressing issues of organising the work of railways. The report presented by him, in fact, was a detailed and accentuated presentation of its content. The first part, published in the previous issue of World of Transport and Transportataion (Vol. 19, Iss. 6), focused on the author’s opinion on the educational and professional trajectory of engineers and railroad managers.

The emphasis in the second part, published in this issue, is on social work (housing), rail employment of women, primarily the wives of former railway workers.

Special sections of the report are devoted to the policy of railways in the field of remuneration, working hours for certain categories of workers, as well as social insurance and pensions.

Some thoughts are still relevant, if not in terms of practical implementation, then in terms of the importance of the considered components of social policy.

Punctuation and vocabulary of the author are preserved in the text as much as possible.

The final part of the publication will be in the next issues of the journal.

Always on the Move. – Moscow, Pan press publ., 2021, 554 p. − ISBN 978-5-9680-0301-0.

The fundamental work is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of establishment of Russian University of Transport. The book contains the most interesting material, unique photographs, archival documents and historical essays on the main milestones in the history of the university, its main achievements and outstanding graduates.

The anniversary publication dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Russian University of Transport tells about formation and development of the country’s leading transport university. Opened in 1896, Imperial Moscow Engineering School of the Department of Railways (IMEU) became alma mater for people who glorified themselves with the greatest transport facilities. These are the Great Siberian Railroad (Transsib) and the road from Siberia to Central Asia (Turksib), the bridge across the Yenisei, which received the Gold Medal at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, and the Baikal- Amur Mainline.

The book includes a description of the glorious history of the university; biographical information about outstanding scientists who glorified not only the university but the whole country with their discoveries, as well as information about the latest successes and achievements of the university and its graduates.