Heavy Train Starting Model
Abstract
The starting mode for a ground vehicle is the most difficult since the static friction force is much greater than the dynamic friction force. For trains, this mode is such a serious problem that sometimes it is necessary to take special measures, such as the use of sand in the contact area of the wheel tire with the rail or an auxiliary locomotive. An effective way of starting a train is to select coupling clearances. In this case, cars are set in motion sequentially and the inert mass, as well as the static friction force at the immediate moment of starting are minimal.
This method, however, has two significant drawbacks: a small set value of clearances in couplings, which limits the effectiveness of the method, and the shock nature of the impulse transmission negatively affecting the state of train structural elements. These disadvantages can be avoided by using elastically deformable couplings.
The objective of the work is to show the advantage of starting a train with elastic couplings in comparison with the traditional mode using its mathematical description and analysis. Starting a train with elastic couplings is much easier than that of a non-deformable one. Moreover, the greater is the number of wagons, the greater is the advantage of the former over the latter. The softening of the mode of starting the train from rest is essentially due to replacement of the simultaneous start-off of the sections by alternate. This process is relevant for inertial forces. Regarding the static friction force, the mechanism will be similar, i.e., not all the static friction force is overcome at the same time, but its small parts are overcome one by one. To exclude longitudinal vibrations of the train, after reaching the maximum tension of the coupling, it is necessary to mechanically block the possibility of its harmonic compression with subsequent sampling of elastic deformation, for example, using damping devices.
The elimination of the transmission of shock loads to the locomotive engines can be considered as an additional positive effect from the use of elastic couplings.
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For citations:
Popov I.P. Heavy Train Starting Model. World of Transport and Transportation. 2021;19(2):19-24.
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