<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОЛЕСО ИСТОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY WHEEL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Железные дороги как инструмент геополитики Второй мировой войны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RAILWAYS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WORLD WAR II GEOPOLITICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института стран Азии и Африки Московского государственного университета имени М. В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kfursov@iaas.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>258</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фурсов К.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фурсов К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fursov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/541">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/541</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье затронуты геополитические теории К. Хаусхофера и X. Маккиндера и место в них железных дорог, ряд железнодорожных проектов периода Второй мировой войны в Европе и Азии, роль рельсовых магистралей в планах воюющих сторон, ведении и тыловом обеспечении фронтовых действий, а также победе союзников над державами «оси». Сделан вывод о выпавшей на долю железнодорожного транспорта миссии с точки зрения геополитики, государственной стратегии и военной логистики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with geopolitical theories of K. Haushofer and H. Mackinder and place of railways in them, with a number of railway projects of the Second World War in Europe and Asia, the role of rail routes in the plans of belligerents, logistic support of front-line operations, as well as in the Allied victory over the powers of the «axis». The author draws a conclusion on railway transport mission in terms of geopolitics, state strategy and military logistics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железные дороги</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>геополитический луч</kwd><kwd>пути сообщения</kwd><kwd>стратегия</kwd><kwd>логистика.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railways</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>geopolitical beam</kwd><kwd>communication routes</kwd><kwd>strategy</kwd><kwd>logistics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolmar С. Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World. L.: Atlantic Books, 2009. XVIII, 376 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolmar, C. Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World. London, Atlantic Books, 2009,376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolmar C. Engines of War: How Wars Were Won and Lostonthe Railways. L.: Atlantic Books, 2010.XXVI, 310 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolmar, C. Engines of War: How Wars Were Won and Lost on the Railways. London, Atlantic Books, 2010, 310 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рудаков А. Б. Проект «Подземный рейх» // De Aenigmate / О Тайне. Сборник научных трудов / Сост. А. И. Фурсов. — М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2015. - С. 297-318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudakov, A. B. The project «Underground Reich» [Proekt «Podzemnyj rejh»]. De Aenigmate / About secret. Collection of scientific papers. Сотр. by A. I. Fursov. Moscow, Tovarishhestvonauchnyhizdanij KMK, 2015, pp. 297-318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindow J. etal. Deutsche Eisenbahnen, 1835-1985. Berlin: Transpress, 1985. 288 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindow, J. et al. Deutsche Eisenbahnen, 1835-1985. Berlin, Transpress, 1985, 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалёв И. В. Транспорт в Великой Отечествен-нойвойне (1941-1945 гг.). - М.: Наука, 1981. - 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev, I.V. Transport in the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) [Transportv Velikoj' Otechestvennojvojne(1941— 1945gg.)\. Moscow, Naukapubl., 1981,480 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haushofer К. Grenzeninihrergeographischenund politischen Bedeutung. П., neubearbeitete Auflage. Heidelberg; Berlin; Magdeburg: Kurt Vowinckel, 1939. 279 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haushofer, K. Grenzen in ihrer geographischen und politischenBedeutung. II.,neubearbeitete Auflage. Heidelberg; Berlin; Magdeburg: Kurt\bwinckel, 1939, 279 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackinder H. J. The Geographical Pivot of History // The Geographical Journal. L., 1904. Vol. XXIII, № 4. P. 421-437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackinder, H. J. The Geographical Pivot of History. TheGeographicalJoumal.\olXKlll,l904,lsiA,ppA2l-437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haushofer K. Der Kontinentalblock: Mitteleuropa, Eurasien, Japan. Munchen: ZentralverlagderN.S.DA.R, 1941. 54 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haushofer, K. Der Kontinentalblock: Mitteleuropa, Eurasien, Japan. Munchen, Zentralverlag der N.S.DA.R, 1941,54 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Creveld M. van. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. VIII, 284 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Creveld, M. van. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1977,284 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piekalkiewicz J. Die Deutsche Reichsbahn im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Stuttgart: Transpress, 1998. 194 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PiekalMewicz, J. Die Deutsche ReichsbahnimZweiten Weltkrieg. Stuttgart, Transpress, 1998,194 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселёв И. П. Развитие высокоскоростного железнодорожного движения в России и СССР: середина XIX—XX век / Автореф. дис... док. ист. наук. — СПб., 2011.-43 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev, I. P. Development of high-speed rail traffic in Russia and the Soviet Union: middle XIX—XX century [Razyitie vysokoskorostnogo zheleznodorozhnogo dvizhenija v Rossii iSSSR: seredina XIX-XX vek]. Abstract of D. Sc. (History) thesis. St.Petersburg, 2011,43 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалёв И. В. Советский железнодорожный транспорт, 1917-1947. - М.: Трансжелдориздат, 1947.- 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev, I.V. Soviet railway transport, 1917-1947 [Sovetskijzheleznodorozhnyj transport, 1917—1947]. Moscow, Transzheldorizdat, 1947, 112 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краткие сведения о развитии отечественных с 1838 по 1990 год / Сост. Г. М. Афонина. - М.: МПС, 1996. - 223 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brief information about development of domestic railways from 1838 to 1990 [Kratkie svedenija о razvitii otechestvennyh zheleznyh dorogs 1838po 1990god\. Сотр. by G. M. Afonin. Moscow, Ministry of Transport, 1996, 223 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">История железнодорожного транспорта России и Советского Союза / Под общ. ред. Е. Я. Крас-ковского. - Т. 2: 1917-1945 гг. - СПб.: ПГУПС, 1997.-414 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">History of Railway Transport of Russia and the Soviet Union [Istorijazheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossii i Sovetskogo Sojuza]. Ed. by E.Ya Kraskovsky. Vol. 2: 1917-1945. St. Petersburg, PSTUpubl., 1997,414 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эхтешами М. Рах-э-ахандар Иран ( в Иране). — Тегеран: Дафтар-э-пежухешха-йе-фарханги, 2003. - 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehteshami, M. Rah-e-Ahan dar Iran (Railways in Iran).Tehran, Daftar-e-ye-pezhuheshhafarhangs, 2003,112p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сотников Е.А. мира из XIX вXXI век. - М.: Транспорт, 1993. - 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotnikov, E. A. Railwaysof the world from XIX to XXI century [Zheleznye dorogi mira izXLXv XXI vek]. Moscow, Transportpubl., 1993, 200 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coombs В. British Tank Production and the War Economy, 1934-1945. L.; N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.X, 198 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coombs, B. British Tank Production and the War Economy, 1934—1945. London; New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013,198 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carver M. El Alamein. L.: Wordsworth Editions, 2000.200 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carver, M. ElAlamein. London, Wordsworth Editions, 2000,200 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauner M. India in Axis Strategy: Germany, Japan and Indian Nationalists in the Second World War. Stuttgart: Ernst Klett, 1981.750 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauner, M. India in Axis Strategy: Germany, Japan and Indian Nationalists in the Second World War. Stuttgart, Ernst Klett, 1981,750 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westwood J. N. Railways of India. New Abbot e. a.: David and Charles, 1974. 192 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westwood, J.N. Railways of India. New Abbot e.a.: David and Charles, 1974,192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калиничев В. П. Великий сибирский путь (историко-экономический очерк). — М.: Транспорт, 1991.-248 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinichev, V. P. Great Siberian Route (historical and economic survey) [Velikijsibirskijput'(istoriko-ekonomicheskij ocherk)]. Moscow, Transport publ., 1991, 248 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
