A comparatively new issue for Russian transport system is introduced and proposed for discussion. The brief analysis shows that there are two different approaches depending on the given fields of activities.

There are fields where voluntary self-regulated organizations may be useful. Capacity of selfregulated organizations can be realized in some spheres of railway business, for instance in machinery construction, in the sphere of private operation of rolling stock, as the state legal regulations have not yet been adopted these in fields.

Secondly, there are fields where the access is legally restricted to members of self-regulated organizations only (or by certification received from them). Such practices became legally binding in 2010 in construction sphere, so it is the same for the construction of railway infrastructure.

The list of promising spheres of self-regulated activities composed by the author includes namely services to passenger (as a functional sphere common for all kinds of transportation including air, railway, river and road transport), researches, professional training and some others. There are no rigid conclusions as for the usefulness of voluntary self-regulated institutions in the railway sector of economics but there is a wide space for discussions.