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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-309</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТИПОЛОГИЯ КРИЗИСОВ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TYPOLOGIZATION OF CRISES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.russkig@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет путей сообщения (МИИТ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT), Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров О.Н., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются причины и проблемы возникновения кризисов в социально-экономических системах, первозначимость их влияния на железнодорожную отрасль. Вводится индикатор кризисности системы. Дается институциональная классификация кризисов, которая помогает глубже понять их феномен. Особое внимание уделено циклам деловой конъюнктуры Николая Кондратьева и их причинно-следственным связям, включая и зону военных рисков. Подтверждается сама закономерность квалификации кризиса как события, характерного для системы на любой стадии развития. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The causes and problems of crisis in socio-economic systems are considered as the main reason that influences the situation of railways.</p><p>The indicator of the level of crisis situation in a system is proposed. The crises are classified by institutional sign, which helps to better understand their phenomenon. The study pays special attention to Kondratiev waves (also called supercycles, great surges, long waves, K-waves, the long economic cycle) and the cause-and-effect relations within them. The Kondratiev supercycles are taken as a reference point for the brief relevant study of developments of Russian railways in 19–20th centuries, including the impact of military risks of the reviewed period. The study substantiates the consistency of assessment of a crisis as of the event that is characteristic of a system, organization or economic sector at any stage of their developments. The conclusion accentuates the necessity to promptly assess the risks and to develop crisis management measures for railways, which run primary risks following general economic crises.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социально- экономическая система</kwd><kwd>экономический кризис</kwd><kwd>железнодорожная отрасль</kwd><kwd>циклы деловой конъюнктуры Кондратьева</kwd><kwd>адаптивность</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>экономическое равновесие</kwd><kwd>индикатор кризисности</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>socio-economic system</kwd><kwd>economic crisis</kwd><kwd>railways</kwd><kwd>Kondratiev waves</kwd><kwd>adaptivity</kwd><kwd>stability</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd><kwd>economic equilibrium</kwd><kwd>crisis level indicator</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кругман П. 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