The reliability of the transportation process, as well as the railway infrastructure capacity are provided by the organizational and technical complex. The objective of the authors is to review levels of organizational reliability of the transportation process in Russia regarding railways, to study different dependences, management levels and algorithms of the work of employees as a result of the deep reforming of the sector, using economic evaluation, general scientific methods, comparison. Reliability of transportation depends on a set of technical requirements, inherent to railways, but also on other parameters, which ensure satisfaction of customers. Customers are regarded as passengers, consignors, freight forwarders, and the owners of rolling stock. Actions of such contractors must comply with the rules established and adopted by market participants, which focus primarily on maintenance of the transportation process. Reliability is also provided by manufacturing plants that manufacture rolling stock. The article contains examples of new forms of interaction at macro- and micro- (local) of the actors of the rail industry. The authors state that as a result of structural changes rail transport has become a highly competitive environment that links together the various institutions of society and simultaneously adjusts the contradictions between the major sectors of the economy. Given the increasing role of rail traffic in the global economy increase in the reliability of organizational and technical systems at all levels will strengthen the competitive advantages of the national transport system.