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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-2-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-2273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизм образования и исследование свойств белого слоя в высокоуглеродистой рельсовой стали М76</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>White Layer in M76 High Carbon Rail Steel: Formation Mechanism and Properties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридасова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridasova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гридасова Екатерина Александровна – кандидат технических наук, доцент Департамента промышленной безопаесности Политехнического института ДВФУ</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gridasova, Ekaterina A., Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor at the Department of Industrial Safety of Polytechnic Institute</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фазилова</surname><given-names>З. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fazilova</surname><given-names>Z. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фазилова Зульфия Тельмановна − кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры транспортного строительства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fazilova, Zulfia T., Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor at the Department of Transport Construction</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fazil_1905@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Павел Александрович − кандидат технических наук, доцент Департамента промышленной безопасности Политехнического института ДВФУ</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikiforov, Pavel A., Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor at the Department of Industrial Safety of Polytechnic Institute</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikiforovpa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косьянов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косьянов Денис Юрьевич − кандидат технических наук, доцент Департамента промышленной безопасности Политехнического института ДВФУ</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kosyanov, Denis Yu., Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor at the Department of Industrial Safety of Polytechnic Institute</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosianov.diu@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет транспорта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian University of Transport<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гридасова Е.А., Фазилова З.Т., Никифоров П.А., Косьянов Д.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гридасова Е.А., Фазилова З.Т., Никифоров П.А., Косьянов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gridasova E.A., Fazilova Z.T., Nikiforov P.A., Kosyanov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2273">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2273</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокочастотные вибрации, возникающие в результате многих факторов при действующих нагрузках в системе «колесо–рельс», оказывают огромное влияние на структуру и свойства рельсовой стали – возникают значительные контактные напряжения в поверхностном слое, влияющие на прочностные характеристики и общую усталость конструкции железнодорожного пути. Результатом такого воздействия, в частности, является образование так называемого «белого слоя» (White Layer, WL) – упрочнённого слоя на поверхности основного материала, устойчивого к химическому травлению и имеющего высокую твёрдость (выше 1000 HV) и хрупкость.</p><p>Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение особенностей механизма формирования, а также свойства образующегося на поверхности металла белого слоя с применением комплексного подхода, а именно: разрушающих методов контроля, методов электронной микроскопии, рентгенофазового анализа, металлографических методов и методов микротвёрдости.</p><p>Достоверность экспериментальных исследований обусловлена использованием стандартизированных методов испытаний, разработанными методами разрушающих и неразрушающих испытаний по основным направлениям, наличием аккредитованной и аттестованной лаборатории, что дало возможность в полном объёме и соответствующем качестве достичь поставленных задач.</p><p>По результатам исследований представлен анализ белого слоя, формирование которого имело место в высокоуглеродистой рельсовой стали М76 после циклических испытаний с частотой 20 кГц. Детально изучена морфология, фазовый состав и микротвёрдость данных включений в сравнении с базовым металлом. Показано, что белый слой представляет собой высокодисперсные, перлитообразные, безликие включениия феррито-цементитной структуры, причём их микротвёрдость в 3–4 раза выше исходной стали и составляет 1000–1200 HV. Предложен возможный механизм формирования белого слоя: дробление феррита и цементита, входящих в состав перлита, без промежуточных фазовых превращений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High-frequency vibrations resulting from many factors under loads existing in the wheel-rail system have a huge impact on the structure and properties of rail steel: there are signifi contact stresses in the surface layer that affect strength characteristics and overall fatigue of the railway track structure. Such an impact results, in particular, in the formation of the so-called White Layer (WL): a hardened layer on the surface of the base material, resistant to chemical etching, and having high hardness (above 1000 HV) and brittleness.</p><p>The objective of the research was to study the features of the formation mechanism, as well as the properties of the white layer formed on the metal surface using an integrated approach, namely, of destructive testing methods, electron microscopy, XRD, metallography, and microhardness measurements.</p><p>The reliability of experimental studies is due to the use of standardised test methods, developed methods of destructive and non-destructive testing in the main areas, the involvement of an accredited and certified laboratory, which makes it possible to fulfill in full the tasks set with appropriate quality.</p><p>The results of the research allowed to present an analysis of the white layer, the formation of which took place in high-carbon M76 rail steel after cyclic tests with a 20 kHz frequency. The morphology, phase composition, and microhardness of these inclusions have been studied in detail in comparison with the base metal. It is shown that the white layer is highly dispersed, pearlitelike, featureless inclusions of a ferrite-cementite structure, while their microhardness is 3–4 times higher than the original steel and is of 1000–1200 HV. A possible explication of a mechanism of the formation of a white layer is suggested: crushing of ferrite and cementite, which are part of pearlite, without intermediate phase transformations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железнодорожный транспорт</kwd><kwd>высокоуглеродистая сталь</kwd><kwd>высокочастотная вибрация</kwd><kwd>циклические испытания</kwd><kwd>белый слой</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>микротвёрдость</kwd><kwd>дифрактограмма</kwd><kwd>перлитообразная структура</kwd><kwd>рельсы.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railways</kwd><kwd>high carbon steel</kwd><kwd>high frequency vibrations</kwd><kwd>cyclic tests</kwd><kwd>white layer</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>diffractogram</kwd><kwd>diffraction pattern</kwd><kwd>pearlite structure</kwd><kwd>rails</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori, S., Kobayashi, M., Osawa, J. 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