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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-2-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-2112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, ЭКОЛОГИЯ, УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY, SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Снегозадерживающие лесные насаждения в мировой практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Living Snow Fences: International Practices</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daria.korneeva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мишина Д.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мишина Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mishina D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2112">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2112</self-uri><abstract><p>В зимний период одной из основных задач содержания автомобильных дорог в странах со снежным покровом является борьба со снежными отложениями на проезжей части. С целью защиты автомобильных дорог от снега в мировой практике прибегают к посадке снегозадерживающих лесных насаждений. Они экологичны, долговечны и обладают большой снегозадерживающей способностью. Однако, есть ряд ограничений в их использовании.</p><p>Приведён анализ конструкций и схем посадки отечественных и зарубежных снегозадерживающих лесных насаждений, применяемых на автомобильных дорогах, рассмотрены особенности, преимущества и недостатки лесных насаждений в разных странах. В качестве зарубежного опыта рассмотрены японские и американские конструкции. Определено влияние состояния деревьев на эффективность их работы. Как следствие, подтверждена необходимость мониторинга и надлежащего ухода за существующими лесопосадками на протяжении их жизненного цикла на примере обследований лесных насаждений в Казахстане и в Волгоградской области Российской Федерации.</p><p>Автором приведены перспективные направления по усовершенствованию конструкций и схем посадки снегозадерживающих лесополос, а именно комплексный подход к проектированию данных средств защиты не только от снега, но и от загрязняющих веществ. К таким решениям относится конструкция защитных лесополос с применением только высокорослых кустарников, обеспечивающая наилучшее продувание придорожных территорий и рассеивание контаминантов. Другим решением является включение в состав лесопосадок дополнительно таких растений, как ива и кукуруза. Кроме этого, в связи с глобальными изменениями климата определена важная для современной науки задача обновления действующих норм проектирования лесополос в актуальных на сегодняшний день метеорологических условиях.</p><p>Даны рекомендации по применению математического моделирования при помощи компьютерных программ при разработке новых конфигураций лесных посадок и оценке эффективности их работы, а также по внедрению современных технологий, таких как видеокамеры и дроны, при натурных испытаниях. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In winter, in the countries with snow covered regions, one of the main tasks of road maintenance is to combat snow deposits, snowpacks and snowdrifts on the roadway. Living snow fences consisting of tree and shrub plantings are among known world practices to protect roads against effects of snow deposits. They are environmentally friendly, durable and have great snow retention capacity. However, there are several constraints regarding application of those practices.</p><p>The analysis of the design, spacing and planting schemes refers to Russian and foreign living snow fences used to protect highways, considers the features, advantages, and disadvantages of living fences in different countries. Japanese and American designs are reviewed as international experience. The influence of the state of trees on the efficiency of their snow-retaining function has been determined. As a result, the need for monitoring and proper maintenance of existing living snow fences throughout their life cycle was confirmed using the examples of surveys of forest plantations in Kazakhstan and in Volgograd region of the Russian Federation.</p><p>The author presents promising directions for improving the structures and planting schemes of snow storage living fences, namely, an integrated approach to their design as of a protection not only against snowdrifts, but also against pollutants. Such solutions include the design of protective living fences using only tall shrubs, providing the best blowing of roadside areas and dispersion of contaminants. Another solution is to complement the species planted within living fences with willow and corn. Besides, referring to global climate changes, an important task for modern science has been identified, that is to update the current standards for the design of living fences under the current meteorological conditions.</p><p>Recommendations on the use of mathematical modelling with the help of computer software are suggested regarding development of new configurations of living fences, assessment of their effectiveness, as well as on the adoption of modern technologies such as video cameras and drones during field tests. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспорт</kwd><kwd>снегозадерживающие лесные насаждения</kwd><kwd>снегозащита</kwd><kwd>снегопринос</kwd><kwd>снегоборьба</kwd><kwd>зимнее содержание автомобильных дорог</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport</kwd><kwd>living snow fences</kwd><kwd>snow protection</kwd><kwd>snow transport</kwd><kwd>snow fighting</kwd><kwd>winter maintenance of highways</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бялобжеский Г. 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