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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-54-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-1904</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физические механизмы подъёма балластных гранул при прохождении высокоскоростных поездов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physical Mechanisms of Ballast Granules Flying during Passage of High-Speed Trains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельков Владимир Максимович – доктор физико-математических наук, научный консультант Научно-консультационного центра аспирантуры</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belkov, Vladimir M. – D.Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Scientific Consultant of the Scientific and Consulting Center for Ph.D. studies of JSC Rail Research Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогричиани</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogrichiani</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гогричиани Георгий Венедиктович – доктор технических наук, заведующий Научно-консультационного центра аспирантуры</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gogrichiani, Georgy V. – D.Sc. (Eng), Head of the Scientific and Consulting Center for Ph.D. studies of JSC Rail Research Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">press@vniizht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «ВНИИЖТ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC VNIIZhT</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бельков В.М., Гогричиани Г.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бельков В.М., Гогричиани Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belkov V.M., Gogrichiani G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1904">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1904</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье проанализированы механизмы вылета щебня при высокоскоростном движении. Целью работы является исследование и выявление основного механизма вылета щебня из балластной постели. Обосновано, что им является выдавливание частиц из верхнего слоя гранул и их подъём над щебёночной постелью в результате действия продольных и поперечных напряжений в балласте, а наиболее вероятным местом их вылета является граница контакта шпал и верхнего слоя щебёночной постели.</p><p>Представлена физика этого процесса, состоящая в подъёме балласта турбулентными вихрями, «взвешивании» частиц щебня над постелью под действием вибрации, в соударении движущихся частиц и процессе выдавливания и вылета гранул балласта.</p><p>Показаны причины возникновения горизонтальных и поперечных напряжений в щебёночном балласте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the mechanisms of crushed stone flying on high-speed railways. The objective of the work was to study and identify main mechanisms entailing flight of crushed stone from the ballast bed. It is substantiated that the main mechanism consists in squeezing of crushed stone particles from the upper layer of granules and their rise above the crushed stone bed following the action of longitudinal and transverse stresses in ballast, and that the most probable places of ejection of crushed stone particles is the border of contact between sleepers and the upper layer of the crushed stone bed.</p><p>The physics of this process is presented, which consists in lifting ballast by turbulent vortices, suspension of crushed stone particles over the bed under the influence of vibration, in collision of moving particles and the process of squeezing and ejection of ballast granules. The reasons for the occurrence of horizontal and lateral stresses in crushed stone ballast are shown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железная дорога</kwd><kwd>высокоскоростные поезда</kwd><kwd>подъём гранул</kwd><kwd>вылет щебня</kwd><kwd>горизонтальные продольные и поперечные напряжения</kwd><kwd>балластная постель</kwd><kwd>наледеобразование в подвагонном пространстве</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railway</kwd><kwd>high speed trains</kwd><kwd>lifting of granules</kwd><kwd>ejection of crushed stone</kwd><kwd>flying of crushed stone</kwd><kwd>horizontal longitudinal and transverse stresses</kwd><kwd>ballast bed</kwd><kwd>ice formation in the undercar space</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельков В. М., Антипов Б. В. 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