<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-186-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-1749</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЕДИНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ ГРУЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>UNIFORM PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION OF RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokofieva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, первый заместитель директора Института управления и информационных технологий</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor, First Deputy Director of the Institute ofManagement, Control and Information Technology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eskolesnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, и.о. заместителя генерального директора </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Eng), Acting Deputy Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panin_v_v@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики и развития транспорта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Transport Economics and Development (JSC IERT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокофьева Е.С., Панин В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокофьева Е.С., Панин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokofieva E.S., Panin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1749">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1749</self-uri><abstract><p>Повышение производственной эффективности транспорта служит одним из основных катализаторов  повышения качества жизни и социально-экономического развития. Превалирующие глобальные тенденции направлены на выстраивание логистических цепочек от производителей до потребителей. Трансграничное перемещение мирового производства в рамках глобализации, углубление интеграционных процессов между странами выводят на первый план вопросы разработки методологии проектирования и оценки международных транспортных коридоров с различных точек зрения – экономической, технической, социальной, экологической. Актуален вопрос гармонизации технической и нормативно-правовой базы организации «бесшовных» перевозок, синхронизации технологических циклов работы различных видов транспорта, в том числе в мультимодальных транспортных узлах. Большое количество исследований посвящено вопросам моделирования и управления транспортными потоками, новым методам прогнозирования транспортной ситуации с использованием результатов компьютерного динамического транспортного моделирования, анализу существующих ресурсов инфраструктуры и устранению «узких» мест в существующей железнодорожной системе (в том числе как за счёт расширения сети железных дорог, так и инновационных методов организации движения).Исходя из того, что достижение целевых параметров эффективности производственной деятельности всех участников железнодорожных перевозок возможно за счёт качественных изменений в системе организации перевозочного процесса, целью исследования явилось изучение технологических аспектов повышения качества функционирования транспортного комплекса применительно к деятельности российских железных дорог. Применялись методы системного анализа научно-технических данных и технико-экономических показателей работы сложных систем.Рассмотрены вопросы внедрения сквозных принципов управления перевозочным процессом, расширено понятие «технологический полигон управления перевозочным процессом». Выполнен анализ и группировка методов повышения эффективности работы железнодорожного транспорта в части улучшения качественных показателей использования и совершенствования модели управления подвижным составом, повышения эффективности использования тяговых ресурсов, специализации железнодорожных направлений по преимущественным видам движения, установления гарантийных участков безопасного проследования грузовых поездов и их синхронизация с плечами работы локомотивов, организации перевозок грузов в вагонах с повышенной осевой нагрузкой, снятия барьерных ограничений в энергетическом комплексе и др.Переход на полигонную модель организации технологического процесса, унификация и оптимизация  использования имеющихся ресурсов, и, как следствие, снижение рисков возникновения убытков от перевозок, оказания услуг и незапланированного использования ресурсов являются эффективными инструментами повышения качества эксплуатационной работы на сети железных дорог.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Improving the operational efficiency of transport is one of the main catalysts for raising the quality of life and socio-economic development. The prevailing global trends are aimed at establishing logistic chains from producers to consumers. The cross-border movement of world production within the framework of globalization, the deepening of integration processes between countries highlight the issues of developing a methodology for planning and evaluating international transport corridors from various points of view, and economic, technical, social, environmental and other aspects. The urgent issue is the harmonization of the technical and regulatory framework for the organization of «seamless» transportation, the synchronization of the technological cycles of various modes of transport, including operation of multimodal transport hubs. A large number of studies are dedicated to the modelling and control of traffic flows, new methods of forecasting the transport situation using the results of computer dynamic transport modelling, analysis of existing infrastructure resources and elimination of bottlenecks in the existing railway system (including through the expansion of the railway network and innovative methods of traffic control).Hence the achievement of target parameters of efficiency of production activity of all participants in railway transportations is possible through qualitative changes in the system of the organization of transportation process, the objective of the research was to study technological aspects of improvement of quality of functioning of the transport system in relation to activity of the Russian railways.The research applied methods of system analysis of scientific and technical data and technical and economic indicators of complex systems.The issues of implementation of end-to-end principles of transportation process management are considered, the concept of «technological polygon of transportation process management» is expanded. The analysis and grouping of methods for improving the efficiency of railway transport was carried out with regard to improving the operation quality indicators and refined model of rolling stock management, increasing the efficiency of the use of traction equipment, profiling of railway itineraries in respect of the preferred types of traffic, establishing sections well-provided for safe passage of freight trains and synchronized with the operation ranges of locomotives, organizing freightage in wagons withincreased axle load, removing barriers and restrictions in the power supply sector, etc.The transition to the «polygon» model of the organization of the technological process, the unification and optimization of the use of available resources, and, as a result, the reduction of risks of losses from transportation, service provision and unplanned use of resources are effective tools to improve the quality of rail operations. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспорт</kwd><kwd>железные дороги</kwd><kwd>технологический полигон управления перевозочным процессом</kwd><kwd>сквозные принци- пы</kwd><kwd>полигонные технологии</kwd><kwd>оптимизация использования ресурсов</kwd><kwd>снижение рисков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport</kwd><kwd>railways</kwd><kwd>technological polygon of transportation process management</kwd><kwd>end-to-end principles</kwd><kwd>railway polygon technologies</kwd><kwd>optimization of resource use</kwd><kwd>risk reduction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Żak, J., Galińska, B. Design and evaluation of global freight transportation solutions (corridors). Analysis of a real world case study. Transportation Research Procedia, 2018, Vol. 30, pp. 350–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.09.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Żak, J., Galińska, B. Design and evaluation of global freight transportation solutions (corridors). Analysis of a real world case study. Transportation Research Procedia, 2018, Vol. 30, pp. 350–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.09.038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regmi, M. B., Shinya, Hanaoka. Assessment of intermodal transport corridors: Cases from North-East and Central Asia. Research in Transportation Business &amp; Management, December 2012, Vol. 5, pp. 27–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regmi, M. B., Shinya, Hanaoka. Assessment of intermodal transport corridors: Cases from North-East</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeedi, H., Behdani, B., Wiegmans, B., Zuidwijk, R. Assessing the technical efficiency of intermodal freight transport chains using a modified network DEA approach. Transportation Research, Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, June 2019, Vol. 126, pp. 66–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and Central Asia. Research in Transportation Business &amp; Management, 2012, Vol. 5, pp. 27–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.11.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global vision for railway development. International Union of Railways (UIC), Paris, 2015. [Электронный ресурс]: https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/global_vision_for_railway_development.pdf. Доступ 04.09.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeedi, H., Behdani, B., Wiegmans, B., Zuidwijk, R. Assessing the technical efficiency of intermodal freight transport chains using a modified network DEA approach. Transportation Research, Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2019, Vol. 126, pp. 66–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rong, Zhang; Lu, Li; Wenliang, Jian. Reliability analysis on railway transport chain. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, June 2019, Vol. 8, Iss. 2, pp. 192–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2018.11.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global vision for railway development. International Union of Railways (UIC), Paris, 2015. [Electronic resource]: https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/global_vision_for_railway_development.pdf. Last accessed 04.09.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Štefancová, V., Nedeliaková, E., López, E. C. Connection of dynamic quality modeling and total service management in railway transport operation. Procedia Engineering, December 2017, Vol. 192, pp. 834–839. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rong, Zhang; Lu, Li; Wenliang, Jian. Reliability analysis on railway transport chain. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 2019, Vol. 8, Iss. 2, pp. 192–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2018.11.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burdett, R. L. Optimization models for expanding a railway’s theoretical capacity. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, Vol. 251, Iss. 3, pp. 783–797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Štefancová, V., Nedeliaková, E., López, E. C. Connection of dynamic quality modeling and total service management in railway transport operation. Procedia Engineering, 2017, Vol. 192, pp. 834–839. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ljubaj, I., Mlinarić, T. J. The possibility of utilising maximum capacity of the double-track railway by using innovative traffic organization. Transportation Research Procedia, 2019, Vol. 40, pp. 346–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burdett, R. L. Optimization models for expanding a railway’s theoretical capacity. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, Vol. 251, Iss. 3, pp. 783–797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong, J., Preston, J. Capacity utilisation and performance at railway stations. Journal of Rail Transport Planning &amp; Management, December 2017, Vol. 7, Iss. 3, pp. 187–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ljubaj, I., Mlinarić, T. J. The possibility of utilising maximum capacity of the double-track railway by using innovative traffic organization. Transportation Research Procedia, 2019, Vol. 40, pp. 346–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojadinović, N., Bošković, B., Trifunović, D., Janković, S. Train path congestion management: Using hybrid auctions for decentralized railway capacity allocation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, November 2019, Vol. 129, pp. 123–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.08.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong, J., Preston, J. Capacity utilisation and performance at railway stations. Journal of Rail Transport Planning &amp; Management. 2017, Vol. 7, Iss. 3, pp. 187–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгосрочная программа развития ОАО «РЖД» до 2025 г., утверждена распоряжением Правительства Российской Федерации 19.03.2019 г. № 466-р. [Электронный ресурс]: http://static.government.ru/media/files/zcAMxApAgyO7PnJ42aXtXAga2RXSVoKu.pdf. Доступ 04.09.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojadinović, N., Bošković, B., Trifunović, D., Janković, S. Train path congestion management: Using hybrid auctions for decentralized railway capacity allocation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019, Vol. 129, pp. 123–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.08.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михалевич В. С., Волкович В. Л. Вычислительные методы исследования сложных систем. – М.: Наука, 1982. – 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long-term development program of JSC Russian Railways until 2025 [Dolgosrochnaya programma razvitija OAO «RZD» do 2025 goda] approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 466-r dated 19.03.2019. [Electronic resource]: http://static.government.ru/media/files/zcAMxApAgyO7PnJ42aXtXAga2RXSVoKu.pdf. Last accessed 04.09.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение ОАО «РЖД» «Программа развития вертикали управления движением на основе научно-технических достижений и информатизации», утверждено 09.06.2015 г. № 1458р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhalevich, V. S., Volkovich, V. L. Computational methods for the study of complex systems [Vychislitelnyje metody issledovanija slozhnykh system]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982, 287 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Единый технологический процесс работы восточного полигона, утверждён первым вице-президентом ОАО «РЖД» А. А. Краснощёком 27.09.2016 г. № 574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhalevich, V. S., Volkovich, V. L. Computational methods for the study of complex systems [Vychislitelnyje metody issledovanija slozhnykh system]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982, 287 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Типовой технологический процесс работы полигона, утверждён распоряжением ОАО «РЖД» 26.12.2016 г. № 2700р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of JSC Russian Railways «Program of development of traffic management vertical on the basis of scientific and technical achievements and informatization» [Rasporiazhenije OAO «RZD» «Programma razvitija verticali upravlenija dvizheniem na osnove nauchno- t ekhniche skikh dos t i zheni j i informatizatsii»]. No.1458r, approved on 09.06.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зобнин В. Л., Панин В. В., Прокофьева Е. С., Рубцов Д. В. Типовая технология управления перевозками на объединённых полигонах // Железнодорожный транспорт. – 2016. – № 11. – С. 7–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of JSC Russian Railways «Program of development of traffic management vertical on the basis of scientific and technical achievements and informatization» [Rasporiazhenije OAO «RZD» «Programma razvitija verticali upravlenija dvizheniem na osnove nauchno- t ekhniche skikh dos t i zheni j i informatizatsii»]. No.1458r, approved on 09.06.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unified technological process of operation of the Eastern polygon [Yedinyj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty vostochnogo poligona], approved by the first Vice-President of JSC Russian Railways, dated 27.09.2016, No. 574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unified technological process of operation of the Eastern polygon [Yedinyj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty vostochnogo poligona], approved by the first Vice-President of JSC Russian Railways, dated 27.09.2016, No. 574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unified technological process of operation of the Eastern polygon [Yedinyj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty vostochnogo poligona], approved by the first Vice-President of JSC Russian Railways, dated 27.09.2016, No. 574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unified technological process of operation of the Eastern polygon [Yedinyj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty vostochnogo poligona], approved by the first Vice-President of JSC Russian Railways, dated 27.09.2016, No. 574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Model technological process of operation of a polygon [Tipovoj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty poligona], approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways No. 2700r, dated 26.12.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Model technological process of operation of a polygon [Tipovoj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty poligona], approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways No. 2700r, dated 26.12.2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Model technological process of operation of a polygon [Tipovoj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty poligona], approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways No. 2700r, dated 26.12.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Model technological process of operation of a polygon [Tipovoj tehnologicheskij protsess raboty poligona], approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways No. 2700r, dated 26.12.2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zobnin, V. L., Panin, V. V., Prokofieva, E. S., Rubtsov, D. V. Model technology of transportation management at combined polygons [Tipovaja tehnologija upravlenija perevozkami na objedinennykh poligonakh]. Zheleznodorozhnyj Transport, 2016, Iss. 11, pp. 7–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zobnin, V. L., Panin, V. V., Prokofieva, E. S., Rubtsov, D. V. Model technology of transportation management at combined polygons [Tipovaja tehnologija upravlenija perevozkami na objedinennykh poligonakh]. Zheleznodorozhnyj Transport, 2016, Iss. 11, pp. 7–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zobnin, V. L., Panin, V. V., Prokofieva, E. S., Rubtsov, D. V. Model technology of transportation management at combined polygons [Tipovaja tehnologija upravlenija perevozkami na objedinennykh poligonakh]. Zheleznodorozhnyj Transport, 2016, Iss. 11, pp. 7–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zobnin, V. L., Panin, V. V., Prokofieva, E. S., Rubtsov, D. V. Model technology of transportation management at combined polygons [Tipovaja tehnologija upravlenija perevozkami na objedinennykh poligonakh]. Zheleznodorozhnyj Transport, 2016, Iss. 11, pp. 7–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
