<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mirtr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир транспорта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Transport and Transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-3252</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian University of Transport (RUT)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-58-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mirtr-1743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СИСТЕМ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ НА МОСКОВСКОМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ КОЛЬЦЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS ON THE MOSCOW CENTRAL CIRCLE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемисин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremisin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой подвижного состава электрических железных дорог, директор научно-исследовательского института энергосбережения на железнодорожном транспорте </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Eng), Professor, Head of the Department of Rolling Stock of Electric Railroads, Director of Railway Energy Saving Research Institute</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Cheremisinvt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Незевак</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nezevak</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательской части, доцент кафедры электроснабжения железнодорожного транспорта электромеханического факультета </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Eng), Associate Professor, senior researcher of the Research division, associate professor at the Department of Railway Electric Power Supply of the Faculty of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NezevakWL@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный университет путей сообщения (ОмГУПС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Transport University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черемисин В.Т., Незевак В.Л., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черемисин В.Т., Незевак В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cheremisin V.T., Nezevak V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1743">https://mirtr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1743</self-uri><abstract/><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The urban railway systems using state-of-the-art technologies for train traffic, safety, traction and rail infrastructure are becoming increasingly widespread in the world. The Moscow Central Circle railroad is an example illustrating their integration into the urban transportation system of a megacity.Development and continuous modernization of such railroad systems during their operation generate new innovative approaches, particularly in the field of electric power supply.Electric traction load on the traction electric power supply system of the Moscow Central Circle railroad has several features explained by prevalence of passenger traffic and frequent changes of operating modes of electric trains. Frequently used regenerative braking determines the statement of the problem of developing a complex of measures to increase the efficiency of traction power supply system measured by the criterion of output capacitance reduction and of energy efficiency indicators’ growth. The use of electric energy storage systems within the traction power supply system can help to solve thementioned problem.The objective of the described research is to assess the efficiency of the implementation of the electric energy storage devices within the system of traction power supply system of the Moscow Central Circle. The research uses the methods of statistical processing of the measurement data and of simulation modelling. Simulation modelling of interaction of electric rolling stock with traction power supply system within the Moscow Central Circle allows to obtain the characteristics of load chart of electric energy storage systems and of bus voltage at sectioning posts, to evaluate the durations of operation cycles in charge and discharge modes, their number and relevant total amount of electric energy per day.The obtained results allow assessing the technical features of various types of electric energy storage devices regarding operating conditions within traction power supply system of the Moscow Central Circle and to determine the economic efficiency of their implementation. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспорт</kwd><kwd>железная дорога</kwd><kwd>городской транспорт</kwd><kwd>электротехника</kwd><kwd>электропоезда</kwd><kwd>система тягового электроснабжения</kwd><kwd>Московское центральное кольцо</kwd><kwd>график электрической нагрузки</kwd><kwd>системы накопления электроэнергии</kwd><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd><kwd>напряжение стабилизации</kwd><kwd>степень заряженности</kwd><kwd>энергоёмкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport</kwd><kwd>railway</kwd><kwd>urban transportation</kwd><kwd>electrical engineering</kwd><kwd>electric trains</kwd><kwd>traction power supply system</kwd><kwd>the Moscow Central Circle</kwd><kwd>electric energy storage systems</kwd><kwd>electrical load chart</kwd><kwd>simulation modelling</kwd><kwd>operation cycles</kwd><kwd>stabilizing voltage</kwd><kwd>charge level</kwd><kwd>energy capacity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при поддерж- ке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований по гранту № 17-20-01148 офи_м_РЖД/18.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was conducted with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the grant No. 17-20-01148 ofi_m_RZD/18.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розенберг Е. Н. Московское центральное кольцо: инновационные решения // Вестник Института проблем естественных монополий: Техника железных дорог. – 2016. – № 4. – С. 42–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozenberg, Ye. N. Moscow central circle: innovative solutions [Moskovskoye tsentralnoje kol’tso: innovatsionnye reshenija]. Vestnik Instituta problem estestvennykh monopoliy: Technika zheleznykh dorog [Herald of the Institute of Natural Monopolies Research: Railway Equipment Magazine], 2016, Iss. 4 (36), pp. 42–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агафонов Е. В. Новые технические средства ЖАТ на МЦК // Автоматика, связь, информатика. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 12–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agafonov, Ye. V. New technical facilities of rail automatics and telemechanics on the MCC. [Novye tehnicheskije sredstva ZhAT na MKTS]. Avtomatika, svyaz’, informatika, 2017, Iss. 2, pp. 12–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Незевак В. Л., Шатохин А. П. Характеристика тяговой нагрузки для определения параметров накопителя электрической энергии // Мир транспорта. – 2018. – № 2. – С. 84–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezevak, V. L., Shatohin, A. P. Features of the Traction Load for Determining the Parameters of the Electric Energy Storage Device. World of Transport and Transportation, 2018, Vol. 16, Iss. 2 (75), pp. 84–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черемисин В. Т., Незевак В. Л., Перестенко А. Е. Характеристики профилей пути на электрифицированных участках железных дорог в аспекте классификации типов // Вестник Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщения. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 118–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheremisin, V. T., Nezevak, V. L., Perestenko, A. E. Characteristics of track profiles on electrified sections of railroad in terms of type classification [Kharakteristiki profiley puti na elektrifitsirovannykh uchastkakh zheleznykh dorog v aspekte klassifikatsii tipov]. Vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putej soobshhenija, 2017, Iss. 2 (66), pp. 118–128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Незевак В. Л. Совершенствование модели влияния параметров графика движения поездов на тяговое электропотребление на участках постоянного и переменного тока c I и II типом профиля пути при помощи регрессионных моделей и нейронных сетей // Вестник транспорта Поволжья. – 2017. – № 6. – С. 34–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezevak, V. L. Improvement of the model of train schedule parameters impact on traction power consumption on DC and AC sections with track profiles of type 1 and 2 by means of regression models and neural networks [Sovershenstvovaniye modeli vliyaniya parametrov grafika dvizheniya poyezdov na tyagovoye elektropotrebleniye na uchastkakh postoyannogo i peremennogo toka s I‑m i II‑m tipom profilya puti pri pomoshchi regressionnykh modeley i neyronnykh setej]. Vestnik transporta Povolzhya, 2017, Iss. 6 (66), pp. 34–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanzhong Zhao, Gang Wu, Chunyan Wang, Leiyan Yu, Yufang Li. Energy transfer and utilization efficiency of regenerative braking with hybrid energy storage system. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, Vol. 427, pp. 174–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanzhong Zhao, Gang Wu, Chunyan Wang, Leiyan Yu, Yufang Li. Energy transfer and utilization efficiency of regenerative braking with hybrid energy storage system. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, Vol. 427, pp. 174–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caralis, G., Christakopoulos, T., Karellas, S., Gao Zhiqiu. Analysis of energy storage systems to exploit wind energy curtailment in Crete. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, Vol. 103, рр. 122–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caralis, G., Christakopoulos, T., Karellas, S., Gao Zhiqiu. Analysis of energy storage systems to exploit wind energy curtailment in Crete. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, Vol. 103, рр. 122–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabello, J. M., Roboam, X., Junco, S., Turpin, C. Direct sizing and characterization of energy storage systems in the energy-power plane. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2019, Vol. 158, pp. 2–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2018.04.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cabello, J. M., Roboam, X., Junco, S., Turpin, C. Direct sizing and characterization of energy storage systems in the energy-power plane. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2019, Vol. 158, pp. 2–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2018.04.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang, Haoran &amp; Wei, Lei &amp; Fan, XinZhuang &amp; Xu, Jianbo &amp; Shyy, Wei &amp; Zhao, Tianshou. A novel energy storage system incorporating electrically re-chargeable liquid fuels as the storage medium. Science Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 64, Iss. 4, pp. 270–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.01.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang, Haoran &amp; Wei, Lei &amp; Fan, XinZhuang &amp; Xu, Jianbo &amp; Shyy, Wei &amp; Zhao, Tianshou. A novel energy storage system incorporating electrically re-chargeable liquid fuels as the storage medium. Science Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 64, Iss. 4, pp. 270–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.01.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hejun Yang, Yeyu Zhang, Yinghao Ma, Ming Zhou, Xi Yang. Reliability evaluation of power systems in the presence of energy storage system as demand management resource. International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems, 2019, Vol. 110, pp. 1–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hejun Yang, Yeyu Zhang, Yinghao Ma, Ming Zhou, Xi Yang. Reliability evaluation of power systems in the presence of energy storage system as demand management resource. International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems, 2019, Vol. 110, pp. 1–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shevlyugin, M. V., Korolev, A. A., Golitsyna, A. E., Pletnev, D. S. Electric stock digital twin in a subway traction power system. Russian Electrical Engineering, 2019, Vol. 90, Iss. 9, pp. 647–652. DOI: 10.3103/s1068371219090098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevlyugin, M. V., Korolev, A. A., Golitsyna, A. E., Pletnev, D. S. Electric stock digital twin in a subway traction power system. Russian Electrical Engineering, 2019, Vol. 90, Iss. 9, pp. 647–652. DOI: 10.3103/s1068371219090098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гречишников В. А., Шевлюгин М. В. Эксплуатация накопителя энергии на метрополитене // Мир транспорта. – 2013. – № 5. – С. 54–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grechishnikov, V. A., Shevlugin, M. V. Operation of Power Storage Device in Moscow Metro. World of Transport and Transportation, 2013, Vol. 11, Iss. 5, pp. 54–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титова Т. С., Евстафьев А. М. Повышение энергетической эффективности локомотивов с накопителями энергии // Известия Петербургского университета путей сообщения. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 200–210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titova, T. S., Evstafiev, A. V. Increasing energy efficiency of locomotives equipped with energy storage devices [Povyshenie energeticheskoy effektivnosti lokomotivov s nakopitelyami energiyi]. Izvestiya Peterburgskogo universiteta putei soobscheniya, 2017, Iss. 2, pp. 200–210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вильгельм А. С., Незевак В. Л., Черемисин В. Т. Пути повышения энергоэффективности на малом кольце Московской железной дороги с использованием инверторов // Транспорт Урала. – 2014. – № 3. – С. 90–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilhelm, A. S., Nezevak, V. L., Cheremisin, V. T. Ways to improve energy efficiency on the small ring of Moscow railroad using inverters [Puti povysheniya energoeffektivnosti na malom kol’tse Moskovskoy zheleznoy dorogi s ispol’zovaniyem invertorov]. Transport Urala, 2014, Iss. 3 (42), pp. 90–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черемисин В. Т., Незевак В. Л., Шатохин А. П. Повышение энергетической эффективности системы тягового электроснабжения в условиях работы постов секционирования с накопителями электрической энергии // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2015. – № 10. – С. 54–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheremisin, V. T. Nezevak, V. L., Shatokhin, A. P. Increase of energy efficiency of traction power supply system in the conditions of sectioning posts operating with power storage devices [Povysheniye energeticheskoy effektivnosti sistemy tyagovogo elektrosnabzheniya v usloviyakh raboty postov sektsionirovaniya s nakopitelyami elektricheskoy energii]. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo assets engineering, 2015, Vol. 326, Iss. 10, pp. 54–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комяков А. А., Эрбес В. В., Незевак В. Л. Оценка эффективности параллельной работы выпрямительных преобразователей тяговых подстанций на основе данных измерительных систем // Современные технологии. Системный анализ. Моделирование. – 2015. – № 2. – С. 137–143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komyakov, A. A., Erbes, V. V., Nezevak, V. L. Evaluation of the parallel operation efficiency of rectifier converters of traction substations based on the measuring systems data [Otsenka effektivnosti parallel’noy raboty vypryamitel’nykh preobrazovateley tyagovykh podstantsij na osnove dannykh izmeritel’nykh sistem]. Sovremennye tehnologiyi. Systemnyi analiz. Modelirovanie [Modern technologies. System Analysis. Modelling], 2015, Iss. 2 (46), pp. 137–143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черемисин В. Т., Незевак В. Л., Эрбес В. В. Результаты оценки режимов работы активных и пассивных постов секционирования в системе тягового электроснабжения с целью выбора параметров накопителей электроэнергии // Известия Транссиба. – 2017. – № 3. – С. 132–143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheremisin, V. T., Nezevak, V. L., Erbes, V. V. Results of evaluation of operating modes of active and passive sectioning posts in the traction power supply system for the purpose of electricity storage device parameters selection [Rezul’taty otsenki rezhimov raboty aktivnykh i passivnykh postov sektsionirovaniya v sisteme tyagovogo elektrosnabzheniya s tsel’yu vybora parametrov nakopiteley elektroenergii]. Izvestija Transsiba, 2017, Iss. 3 (31), pp. 132–143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Незевак В. Л. Моделирование режимов нагрузки на шинах постов секционирования при работе в системе тягового электроснабжения накопителей электроэнергии // Вестник Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщения. – 2017. – № 4. – С. 159–170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezevak, V. L. Simulation modelling of load modes of sectioning post buses during operation of energy storage devices in traction power supply system [Modelirovaniye rezhimov nagruzki na shinakh postov sektsionirovaniya pri rabote v sisteme tyagovogo elektrosnabzheniya nakopiteley elektroenergii]. Vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putej soobshhenija, 2017, Iss. 4 (68), pp. 159–170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nezevak, V., Shatokhin, A. Interaction’s Simulation Modeling of Electric Rolling Stock and Electric Traction System. 2019 International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), Chelyabinsk, Russia, 2019, pp. 410–416. DOI: 10.1109/uralcon.2019.8877672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezevak, V., Shatokhin, A. Interaction’s Simulation Modeling of Electric Rolling Stock and Electric Traction System. 2019 International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), Chelyabinsk, Russia, 2019, pp. 410–416. DOI: 10.1109/uralcon.2019.8877672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Незевак В. Л. Моделирование режимов работы накопителя электроэнергии на шинах поста секционирования в условиях пропуска тяжеловесных поездов // Современные технологии. Системный анализ. Моделирование. – 2018. – № 3. – С. 47–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezevak, V. L. Simulation modelling of modes of operation of energy storage devices at sectioning post buses in the conditions of heavy-tonnage train traffic [Modelirovaniye rezhimov raboty nakopitelya elektroenergii na shinakh posta sektsionirovaniya v usloviyakh propuska tyazhelovesnykh poyezdov Sovremennye tehnologiyi. Systemnyi analiz. Modelirovanie [Modern technologies. System Analysis. Modelling], 2018, Iss. 3 (59), pp. 47–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Язвинская Н. Н. Моделирование работы щелочных аккумуляторов // Научный альманах. – 2016. – № 8–1. – С. 314–319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yazvinskaya, N. N. Simulation modelling of alkali storage batteries’ operation [Modelirovaniye raboty shchelochnykh akkumulyatorov]. Nauchniy Almanah [Science Almanac], 2016, Iss. 8–1(22), pp. 314–319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галушкин Н. Е., Кукоз Ф. И., Язвинская Н. Н. и др. Моделирование работы аккумуляторов // Шахты: ЮРГУЭС. – 2009. – 199 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galushkin, N. Ye., Kukoz, F. I., Yazvinskaya, N. N. [et al]. Simulation modelling of storage batteries’ operation. [Modelirovaniye raboty akkumulyatorov]. Shahty, Publ. YURGUES, 2009, 199 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галушкин Н. Е., Кукоз Ф. И., Язвинская Н. Н. и др. Структурное моделирование работы электрохимических аккумуляторов // Шахты: ЮРГУЭС. – 2009. – 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galushkin, N. Ye., Kukoz, F. I., Yazvinskaya, N. N. [et al]. Structural modelling of electrochemical storage batteries’ operation [Strukturnoye modelirovaniye raboty elektrokhimicheskikh akkumulyatorov]. Shahty, Publ. YURGUES, 2009, 192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
