For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The problems of the activities of national seaports and port logistics, issues of intermodality of transportation are considered. An important factor of the influence on transport and logistics aspects remains the discrepancy between the world practice of the regime and the procedures of operation of border checkpoints and customs, the absence of generally accepted tax and customs preferences abroad, including the creation of port special economic zones. It is shown that the basis for assessing the level of competitiveness in transport is the transition of the profitability point from the processes of physical transportation or cargot turnover to the area of transport and logistics services. Accordingly, various systems of criteria for the «attractiveness» of the seaport are applied. An integral row of such indicators-criteria for various conditions, goals and participants in the transport process is proposed. Among the prospects for development of seaports in the European part of Russia, the authors emphasize the option of combining all four modes of transport in the agglomeration of one port, which can dramatically increase its demand as an inter-regional transport hub. Keywords: economy, logistics, seaports, export, cargo transportation, intermodality, world market, competition, border checkpoints, customs.